The life of St. Patrick and his place in historyBury, J. B. (John Bagnell)
History
The life of St. Patrick and his place in history
Bury, J. B. (John Bagnell)
Christian saints -- Ireland -- Biography; Ireland -- Church history -- To 1172; Patrick, Saint, 373?-463?
After this comes the passage relating the burial at Dúnlethglasse
(298₁₋₂₀). It is quite evident that it has a distinct and subsequent
origin; it was manufactured in a different ecclesiastical workshop. It
adds, like a sort of postscript, a new piece, a new command, to the
discourse of the angel, in a new interest, namely of Downpatrick. If
the whole story had been of one piece, this command would have formed
part of the angel’s original address; it would not be introduced as an
appendix. This criticism is in itself sufficient to exhibit the falsity
of Downpatrick’s claim. It is to be noted that this claim had the further
purpose of establishing an early date for the origin of the church of
Downpatrick. It could not claim to have been founded by the saint; it
alleged that it was founded in connexion with his burial.
The two stories, which Muirchu relates of the contention between the
Ulidians and the men of Orior (_orientales_), supply an instructive
illustration of the genesis of legends. When we have two stories of
this kind, one is generally subsequent to the other, and suggested by
it.[441] The common argument of both is to show how hostilities were
prevented. There can be no doubt which was the genuine and primitive
story. The inundation of the sea, a motive (as I pointed out in the text)
characteristic of the district, furnishes a presumption in favour of the
priority of the first story. The second story obviously arose out of
the Dúnlethglasse legend of the oxen;[442] in fact, its point depends
upon that legend. Thus was myth added to myth in the workshops of Irish
ecclesiastics. The ecclesiastical origin is seen not only in the incident
of the burning bush, but in the invention of the cart and two unyoked
kine (1 Samuel vi. 7 _sqq._).
20. _Legendary Date of Patrick’s Death_
The true year of Patrick’s death is furnished by our oldest document,
Tírechán (302₂₉, a passione Christi ... anni ccccxxxiii [MS. ccccxxxui]);
Ann. of Ulster, _s.a._ 461 (cp. Ann. Inisf. _s.a._ 493); Nennius, _Hist.
Brit._ 16 (pp. 158-9 ed. Mommsen). See the criticism of this material in
Bury, _Tírechán’s Memoir_, pp. 239 _sqq._
But side by side with the true tradition, we find in the Annals another
date, A.D. 493, which has been generally received and is the vulgar
era of the event. It is closely connected with the legendary age of
Patrick—120 years, which is as old as Muirchu’s Life (296₁₉). The
question arises, how came his age to be raised from somewhat more than 70
to 120 years, and why was A.D. 493 fixed on as the date of his death?
In the analogy which was drawn between Patrick and Moses, one of the
items of resemblance is the same length of life. But the Mosaic motive
cannot have been sufficient to determine originally such a marked
perversion of fact. On the contrary, the age of 120 years must have been
otherwise suggested and have then, in its turn, contributed to suggest
the Mosaic analogy.
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