[11] Tacitus, _Agricola_, c. 24, medio inter Britanniam atque Hispaniam sita. Cp. Caesar, _B.G._ v. 13. The notice in Orosius (_Hist._ i. 2, § 72) of the lighthouse at Brigantia in north-western Spain as built _ad speculam Britanniae_ is noteworthy. Compare the remarks of Professor Rhŷs, _op. cit._ p. 47. [12] Tacitus, _ib._ aditus portusque per commercia et negotiatores cogniti. [13] Tacitus, _ib._ The policy recommended by Agricola, who considered one legion sufficient to hold the island, was based partly on the ground of political expedience. The conquest of Ireland, he thought, would have a similar wholesome effect on Britain to that which the conquest of Britain had on Gaul, by removing the spectacle of liberty (_si Romance ubique arma et uelut e conspectu libertas tolleretur_). [14] The baronies of Upper and Lower Deece, in Co. Meath. [15] Decies within Drum, and Decies without Drum, in Co. Waterford. [16] See note, Appendix B. [17] _Ib._ [18] It seems probable that Pelagius sprang from these Gaelic settlers in Britain. See below, p. 43. [19] See below, cap. viii. _ad fin._ [20] Un peuple n’emprunte pas l’alphabet des voisins s’il n’a pas à correspondre avec eux.... Qui donc constate un emprunt de monnaie et d’alphabet, en tous temps et en tous lieux, peut affirmer un échange de produits et d’idées (V. Bérard, _Les Phéniciens et l’Odyssée_, i. p. 20). [21] See Appendix C, 1. [22] See note, Appendix B. [23] See Appendix C, 2, for the following account of the invasions of Britain. [24] _Circa_ A.D. 389; see Appendix C, 3. [25] See note, Appendix B. [26] There is no evidence, and no probability, that the name Paul was adopted on his conversion, or that it had anything to do with Sergius Paullus. [27] Frigeridus is Gothic Frigairêths. [28] For date see Appendix C, 3. [29] See Appendix C, 4. [30] Croagh Patrick, close to Westport. [31] Dalriada = north Antrim; Dalaradia = south Antrim and Down. The Latin form, Ulidia, is used in this book for Ulaid in the narrower meaning. [32] It has been conjectured that Miliucc’s dwelling was on the hill of Skerry, on the northern side of the Braid; see below, p. 86. [33] Another possible theory is mentioned in Appendix C, 4. [34] See note, Appendix B. [35] The association of Saint Elias with the sun was due to the resemblance of the name to the Greek ἥλιος. [36] See Appendix C, 6. [37] St. Honorat.—Lero is Ste. Marguerite. [38] A.D. 426. [39] A.D. 433. [40] His own expression “as a son” shows that _parentes_ here means kinsfolk, not parents, and justifies the inference that his parents were dead. [41] Pelagius, _Letter to Demetrias_, Migne, _P.L._, xxxii. 1100. [42] Prosper has an epigram on the thesis that the whole life of non-Christians is sin: Perque omnes calles errat sapientia mundi Et tenebris addit quae sine luce gerit. (_Epig._ 83, ed. Migne, 51, p. 524.)