It is roughly egg-shaped, tapering to a certain length below and
extended into a sheath which envelops the supporting branch. The origin
of this silky extension is as follows: every evening between seven and
nine o’clock, weather permitting, the caterpillars leave the nest and
go down the bare part of the bough which forms the pole of the tent.
The road is broad, for this axis is sometimes as wide as the neck of a
claret-bottle. The descent is accomplished without any attempt at order
and always slowly, so much so that the first caterpillars to come out
have not yet dispersed before they are caught up by the others. The
branch is thus covered by a continuous bark of caterpillars, made up of
the whole community, which gradually divides into squads and disperses
to this side and that on the nearest branches to crop their leaves. Now
not one of the caterpillars moves a step without working his spinneret.
Therefore the broad downward path, which on the way back will be the
ascending path, is covered, as the result of constant traffic, with a
multitude of threads forming an unbroken sheath.
It is obvious that this sheath, in which each caterpillar, passing
backwards and forwards on his nocturnal rambles, leaves a double
thread, is not an indicator laid down with the sole object of
simplifying the journey back to the nest: a mere ribbon would be enough
for that. Its use might well be to strengthen the edifice, to give it
deeper foundations and to join it by a multitude of cables to the
steady branch.
The whole thing thus consists, above, of the home distended into an
ovoid and, below, of the stalk, the sheath surrounding the support and
adding its resistance to that of the numerous other fastenings.
Each nest that has not yet had its shape altered by the prolonged
residence of the caterpillars shows in the centre a bulky, milk-white
shell, with around it a wrapper of diaphanous gauze. The central mass,
formed of thickly-woven threads, has for a wall a thick quilt into
which are absorbed, as supports, numbers of leaves, green and intact.
The thickness of this wall may be anything up to three-quarters of an
inch.
At the top of the dome are round openings, varying greatly in number
and distribution, as wide across as an ordinary lead-pencil. These are
the doors of the house, through which the caterpillars go in and out.
All around the shell are projecting leaves, which the insects’ teeth
have respected. From the tip of each leaf there radiate, in graceful,
undulating curves, threads which, loosely interlaced, form a light
tent, a spacious verandah of careful workmanship, especially in the
upper part. Here we find a broad terrace on which, in the daytime, the
caterpillars come and doze in the sun, heaped one upon the other, with
rounded backs. The network stretching overhead does duty as an awning:
it moderates the heat of the sun’s rays; it also saves the sleepers
from a fall when the bough rocks in the wind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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