The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of AutobiographyFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of Autobiography
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Diptera; Flies
The considerations which I have set forth seem to me strictly logical:
the Anthrax, owing to the very fact that he is free to take his
nourishment where he pleases on the body of the fostering larva, must,
for his own protection, be made incapable of opening his victim's body.
I am so utterly convinced of this harmonious relation between the eater
and the eaten that I do not hesitate to set it up as a principle. I
will therefore say this: whenever the egg of any kind of insect is not
fastened to the larva destined for its food, the young grub, free to
select the attacking point and to change it at will, is as it were
muzzled and consumes its provisions by a sort of suction, without
inflicting any appreciable wound. This restriction is essential to the
maintenance of the victuals in good condition. My principle is already
supported by examples many and various, whose depositions are all to the
same effect. The witnesses include, after the Anthrax, the Leucospis
[a parasitic insect] and his rivals, whose evidence we shall hear
presently; the Ephialtes mediator [an Ichneumon fly], who feeds, in
the dry brambles, on the larva of the Black Psen [a digger wasp]; the
Myodites, that strange, fly-shaped beetle whose grub consumes the larva
of the cockchafer. All--flies, ichneumon flies and beetles--scrupulously
spare their foster mother; they are careful not to tear her skin, so
that the vessel may keep its liquid good to the last.
The wholesomeness of the victuals is not the only condition imposed:
I find a second, which is no less essential. The substance of the
fostering larva must be sufficiently fluid to ooze through the unbroken
skin under the action of the sucker. Well, the necessary fluidity is
realized as the time of the metamorphosis draws near. When they wished
Medea to restore Pelias to the vigor of youth, his daughters cut the old
king's body to pieces and boiled it in a cauldron, for there can be no
new existence without a prior dissolution. We must pull down before
we can rebuild; the analysis of death is the first step towards the
synthesis of life. The substance of the grub that is to be transformed
into a bee begins, therefore, by disintegrating and dissolving into
a fluid broth. The materials of the future insect are obtained by a
general recasting. Even as the founder puts his old bronzes into the
melting pot in order afterwards to cast them in a mould whence the metal
will issue in a different shape, so life liquefies the grub, a mere
digesting machine, now thrown aside, and out of its running matter
produces the perfect insect, bee, butterfly or beetle, the final
manifestation of the living creature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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