The song is a soft, slow gri-i-i, gri-i-i, which is rendered more
expressive by a slight tremolo. On hearing it, we divine both the
extreme delicacy and the size of the vibrating membranes. If nothing
happen to disturb the insect, settled in the lower leaves, the sound
remains unaltered; but, at the least noise, the executant becomes a
ventriloquist. You heard him here, quite close, in front of you; and
now, all of a sudden, you hear him over there, fifteen yards away,
continuing his ditty softened by distance.
You move across. Nothing. The sound comes from the original place. No,
it doesn’t, after all. This time, it is coming from over there, on the
left, or rather from the right; or is it from behind? We are absolutely
at a loss, quite unable to guide ourselves by the ear towards the spot
where the insect is chirping.
It needs a fine stock of patience and the most minute precautions to
capture the singer by the light of a lantern. The few specimens caught
under these conditions and caged have supplied me with the little that
I know about the musician who is so clever at baffling our ears.
The wing-cases are both formed of a broad, dry, diaphanous membrane,
fine as a white onion-skin and capable of vibrating throughout its
whole area. They are shaped like a segment of a circle thinning towards
the upper end. This segment folds back at right angles along a
prominent longitudinal vein and forms a flap which encloses the
insect’s side when at rest.
The right wing-case lies above the left. Its inner edge bears
underneath, near the root, a knob which is the starting-point of five
radiating veins, of which two run upwards, two downwards and the fifth
almost transversely. The last-named, which is slightly reddish, is the
main part, in short the bow, as is shown by the fine notches cut across
it. The rest of the wing-case presents a few other veins of minor
importance, which keep the membrane taut without forming part of the
friction-apparatus.
The left or lower wing-case is similarly constructed, with this
difference that the bow, the knob and the veins radiating from it now
occupy the upper surface. We find, moreover, that the two bows, the
right and the left, cross each other obliquely.
When the song has its full volume, the wing-cases, raised high up and
resembling a pair of large gauze sails, touch only at their inner
edges. Then the two bows fit into each other slantwise and their mutual
friction produces the sonorous vibration of the two stretched
membranes.
The sound appears to be modified according as the strokes of each bow
bear upon the knob, which is itself wrinkled, on the opposite
wing-case, or upon one of the four smooth radiating veins. This would
go some way towards explaining the illusions produced by music which
seems to come from here, there and everywhere when the timid insect
becomes distrustful.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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