The evil would become still greater if, as I feared at first, the
ever-greedy insect passed from leguminous seeds to cereals. This it
does not do. When installed in my jars with a heap of wheat, barley,
rice or maize, the Bruchus invariably dies without offspring. The
result is the same with horny seeds, such as coffee-beans; with
oleaginous seeds, such as those of the castor-oil-plant or of the
sunflower. Nothing outside the legumina suits the Bruchus.
Notwithstanding these limitations, its portion is a very extensive one;
and it uses and abuses it with the utmost energy.
The eggs are white and drawn out into a tiny cylinder. They are
scattered anyhow and anywhere. The mother lays them either singly or in
little groups, on the sides of the jar as well as on the haricots. Her
heedlessness is such that she will even fasten them to maize,
castor-oil-seeds, coffee-beans or other seeds, on which the family are
doomed soon to perish, finding no food to their liking. What is the use
of maternal foresight here? Left no matter where, under the heaps of
beans, the eggs are always well-placed, for it is the new-born grubs’
business to seek and find the spots at which to effect an entrance.
The egg hatches in five days at most. Out of it comes a tiny white
creature, with a red head. It is a mere speck, just visible to the
naked eye. The grub is swollen in front, to give more strength to its
tool, the chisel of its mandibles, which has to break through the tough
seed, hard as wood. The larvæ of the Buprestes and the Capricorns,
which tunnel through the trunks of trees, are similarly shaped. As soon
as it is born, the crawling worm makes off at random, with an activity
which we should hardly expect in one so young. It roams about, anxious
to find board and lodging as soon as possible.
It attains its object, for the most part, within the twenty-four hours.
I see the worm making a hole in the tough skin of the seed; I watch its
efforts; I catch sight of it half-sunk in the beginning of a gallery
whose entrance is dusty with white flour, the refuse from the boring.
It works its way in and penetrates into the heart of the seed. Its
evolution is so rapid that it will emerge in the adult form in five
weeks’ time.
This hasty development permits several generations to take place in the
course of the year. I have seen four. On the other hand, an isolated
couple supplied me with a family of eighty. Let us consider only half
this number, to allow for the two sexes, which I take to be equally
represented. At the end of the year, the couples resulting from this
source will therefore be represented by the fourth power of forty,
reaching in terms of larvæ the frightful total of over two and a half
millions. What a heap of haricots such a legion would destroy!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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