The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth EditionMaude, Aylmer
General
The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition
Maude, Aylmer
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910
It is revealed that the soldier has become rich, and has done so
in the simplest and most natural manner, just as almost everybody
does who becomes rich--that is, by other people's, the Crown's,
or somebody's, money remaining in his hands owing to a fortunate
accident. Some readers have remarked that this incident is immoral,
and that the people's conception of the Crown as a milch cow should
be eradicated and not confirmed. But not to speak of its artistic
truth, I particularly value that trait in the story. Does not the
Crown money always stop somewhere? And why should it not, once in
a way, stop with a homeless soldier like Gordéy?
In the views of honesty held by the peasants and the upper class,
a complete contrast is often noticeable. The peasants' demands are
specially serious and strict with regard to honesty in the nearest
relations of life; for instance, in respect to one's family, one's
village, or one's commune. In respect to outsiders: the public, the
Crown, or foreigners, or the Treasury especially, the applicability
of the rules of honesty seems to them obscure. A peasant who would
never tell a lie to his brother peasant, and who would bear all
possible hardships for the sake of his family, and not take a
farthing from a fellow-villager or neighbour without having fully
earned it--will be ready to squeeze a foreigner or a townsman like
an orange, and at every second word will lie to a gentleman or an
official. If he is a soldier, he will without the slightest twinge
of conscience stab a French prisoner, and should Crown money come
his way, he would consider it a crime to his family not to take it.
In the upper class, on the contrary, it is quite the reverse....
I do not say which is better, I only say what I believe to be the
case....
To return to the story. The mention of the Crown money, which at
first seems immoral, in our opinion has a most sweet and touching
character. How often a writer of our circle, when wishing to show
his hero as an ideal of honesty, naïvely displays to us the dirty
and depraved nature of his own imagination! Here, on the contrary,
the author has to make his hero happy. His return to his family
would suffice for that, but it was also necessary to remove the
poverty which for so many years had weighed on the family. Where
was he to take money from? From the impersonal Crown! If the author
is to give him wealth, it has to be taken from some one, and it
could not have been found in a more legitimate or reasonable way.
No doubt Tolstoy's statement of peasant morality is true enough; but
Tolstoy's attitude towards the matter is remarkable. He has always had
a keen sense of personal morality, but when public morality was in
question, his decisions seem to me often to have been at fault.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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