The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition — John Shaqi
The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth EditionMaude, Aylmer
General
The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition
Maude, Aylmer
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910
I remember her dear good-natured laugh, and her face shining with
pleasure. The religious feeling which filled her soul was evidently
so important to her, so much higher than anything else, that she
could not be angry or annoyed at anything, and could not attribute
to worldly matters the importance others attach to them.
1840
In the summer of 1839 the whole family assembled at Yásnaya Polyána.
The next year, 1840, was a famine year. The crops were so poor that
corn had to be bought to feed the serfs, and to raise funds for this
purpose one of the Tolstoys' estates had to be sold. The supply of
oats for the horses was stopped, and Tolstoy remembers how he and his
brothers, pitying their ponies, secretly gathered oats for them in the
peasants' fields, quite unconscious of the crime they were committing.
1841
In the autumn of that year the whole family moved to Moscow, returning
to Yásnaya for the following summer. The next autumn their guardian,
the kind good Countess Alexandra Osten-Saken, died in the Convent
or 'Hermitage' founded by Óptin (a robber chief of the fourteenth
century) in the Government of Kaloúga, to which she had retired.
After her death her sister, Pelagéya Ilýnishna Úshkof, became their
guardian. She was the wife of a Kazán landowner. Aunty Tatiána and she
were not on friendly terms; there was no open quarrel between them,
but V. I. Úshkof (Pelagéya's husband) had been a suitor for Tatiána's
hand in his youth, and had been refused. Pelagéya could not forgive her
husband's old love for Tatiána.
The change of guardianship led to the removal of the family to Kazán,
and to the children being separated from Aunty Tatiána, much to her
grief.
The books which up to the age of fourteen, when he went to Kazán, had
most influenced Tolstoy were, he tells us, the Story of Joseph from the
Bible, the _Forty Thieves_ and _Prince Kamaralzaman_ from the _Arabian
Nights_, various Russian folk-legends, Poúshkin's _Tales_ and his poem
_Napoleon_, and _The Black Hen_ by Pogorélsky. The influence the story
of Joseph had on him, he says, was 'immense.'
In his aptitude for abstract speculation, as in other respects,
the boy was truly father to the man; and in a passage, certainly
autobiographical, in _Boyhood_, he says:
It will hardly be believed what were the favourite and most common
subjects of my reflections in my boyhood--so incompatible were
they with my age and situation. But in my opinion incompatibility
between a man's position and his moral activity is the surest sign
of truth....
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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