The Literature of the Ancient EgyptiansBudge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir
History
The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians
Budge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir
Egyptian literature -- History and criticism; Egyptian literature -- Translations into English
The Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead contains about one hundred
and ninety Chapters, many of which have Rubrics stating what effects
will be produced by their recital, and describing ceremonies that must
be performed whilst they are being recited. It is impossible to describe
the contents of all the Chapters in our limited space, but in the
following brief summary the most important are enumerated. Chap. 1
contains the formulas that were recited on the day of the funeral. Chap.
151 gives a picture of the arrangement of the mummy chamber, and the
texts to be said in it. Chap. 137 describes certain magical ceremonies
that were performed in the mummy chamber, and describes the objects of
magical power that were placed in niches in the four walls. Chap. 125
gives a picture of the Judgment Hall of Osiris, and supplies the
declarations of innocence that the deceased made before the Forty-two
Judges. Chaps. 144-147, 149, and 150 describe the Halls, Pylons, and
Divisions of the Kingdom of Osiris, and supply the name of the gods who
guard them, and the formulas to be said by the deceased as he comes to
each. Chap. 110 gives a picture of the Elysian Fields and a text
describing all the towns and places in them. Chap. 5 is a spell by the
use of which the deceased avoided doing work, and Chap. 6 is another,
the recital of which made a figure to work for him. Chap. 15 contains
hymns to the rising and to the setting sun, and a Litany of Osiris; and
Chap. 183 is a hymn to Osiris. Chaps. 2, 3, 12, 13, and others enabled a
man to move about freely in the Other World; Chap. 9 secured his free
passage in and out of the tomb; and Chap. 11 overthrew his enemies.
Chap. 17 deals with important beliefs as to the origin of God and the
gods, and of the heavens and the earth, and states the different
opinions which Egyptian theologians held about many divine and
mythological beings. The reason for including it in the Book of the Dead
is not quite clear, but that it was a most important Chapter is beyond
all doubt. Chaps. 21 and 22 restored his mouth to the deceased, and
Chap. 23 enabled him to open it. Chap. 24 supplied him with words of
power, and Chap. 25 restored to him his memory. Chaps. 26-30B gave to
the deceased his heart, and supplied the spells that prevented the
stealers of hearts from carrying it off, or from injuring it in any way.
Two of these Chapters (29 and 30B) were cut upon amulets made in the
form of a human heart. Chaps. 31 and 32 are spells for driving away
crocodiles, and Chaps. 33-38, and 40 are spells against snakes and
serpents. Chaps. 41 and 42 preserved a man from slaughter in the Other
World, Chap. 43 enabled him to avoid decapitation, and Chap. 44
preserved him from the second death. Chaps. 45, 46, and 154 protected
the body from rot or decay and worms in the tomb. Chap. 50 saved the
deceased from the headsman in the Tuat, and Chap. 51 enabled him to
avoid stumbling. Chaps. 38, 52-60, and 62 ensured for him a supply of
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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