3. In Irish (south especially) the accent remains on the end syllable, whereas in Gaelic it is nearly always on the first. 4. In Gaelic every noun outside the _o_ declension forms the plural in _n_, whereas in Irish _n_ is shown very rarely. IV. Instead of the parent Irish, there was from henceforth a Norse linguistic influence upon the language of Scotland. There can be no doubt that the new element thus imported into the Gaelic is very considerable. Yet this is a department of philology which has never been adequately worked. It offers an interesting field for further research and inquiry, and it is gratifying to know that the study of Irish-Norse relations, in its various aspects, claims the attention of such eminent writers as Professor Zimmer, Professor Sophus Bugge, Dr. Alexander Bugge, Dr. Craigie of Oxford, and Miss Faraday. We have to reckon with the fact that the Norsemen came in large numbers, and freely intermarried with the native races, so that to-day the inhabitants of Orkney, North-east Caithness, North and West Sutherland, and North Lewis, differ very little in physique and general appearance from the people of Norway and Iceland. And in Skye, Islay, and Kintyre there is a large admixture of Viking blood, as well as in the other Hebridean Islands, though not so marked in Mull and Jura. As we should expect, the Norse element in the Gaelic is most in evidence in maritime terms and place names. As examples of the former, we have _vata_, a boat; _sgoth_, a skiff; _birlinn_, a yacht; _sgioba_, a crew; _stiuir_, a rudder; _ailm_, a helm; _sgod_, the sheet of the sail; _rac_, the masthoop; _stagh_, the stay; _reang_, the rib; _tobhta_, the thwart; _tearr_, tar; _spor_, a flint. Then we have _eilean_ for island; _haf_, the open sea; _ob_, a land-locked bay, as in Oban; _uig_, a creek; _aoi_, an isthmus; _geodha_, a gully; _sgeir_, a reef; _bodha_ and _roc_, sunken rocks; _cleit_, a cliff; _grunnd_, the bottom; _bruic_, sea-weed. Of place names there is no lack. It has been calculated that in Lewis, Norse are still to Gaelic names as three or four to one; in Skye as three to two; in Islay as one to two; in Kintyre as one to four; in Arran and the Isle of Man as one to eight. The Minch they called Skottlandsfjord. The smaller isles were nearly all renamed, Eriskay, Eric’s isle; Jura, deer’s isle; Pladda, flat isle; Staffa, stave isle; Sanda, sand isle. To the larger islands the invaders left their original names, though these were occasionally sounded in Norse fashion, as, for example, Sgith (Skye) as Skiō with long vowel. Personal names were also imported; Rognvald as Raonall or Rao’all, Ragnhilda as Raonailt, Torcull, Goraidh, etc. The Latin Magnus, which was common as a personal name in Norway, we borrowed in the Gaelic form Manus; and such surnames as Macleod, Nicolson, Macaulay, and Macaskill with the Celtic Mac prefixed.