Celtic literature -- History and criticism; Ireland -- In literature
From this time we have in French the Story of the Holy Grail, the
History of Merlin, Sir Launcelot of the Lake, the Quest of the Holy
Grail, and the Death of Arthur. The first two have been attributed to
Robert Borron, the latter three to Walter Map himself. But the whole
subject appears to be wrapped in singular obscurity, and offers a field
for considerable divergence of opinion. The latest dissertation on the
question is that by Jessie L. Weston in her recent publications. (Nutt:
London, 1901.) After the above, five more stories followed, such as
Tristram and the history of King Pellinore by other writers. These later
series of romances seem to have caught on better in France than in
England. For only a few metrical compositions of this class are found in
English MSS. prior to the days of Sir Thomas Malory, and these in
documents of the fifteenth century. One alliterative tale, indeed, that
of _Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight_, first printed by Sir F. Madden in
1839, and re-edited by Dr. Morris, is held by the latter to have been
written about 1320. Sir Gawayne was Arthur’s nephew, and figures in the
early stories as one of the purest models of knighthood, though very
differently represented by the author of Tristram and subsequent
writers, including even Malory, who drew from French sources. About the
middle of the fifteenth century Henry Lonelich translated into English
verse the prose narrative of the sacred Grail, and possibly this may
have led Malory, the author of the more famous _Morte d’Arthur_, to
produce, as he did about the year 1470, the remainder of the romances
connected with the Holy Grail in English prose. It was one of the
earliest books printed by William Caxton (1485), and certainly one of
the finest examples of the prose of the pre-Elizabethan period.
Sir Thomas Malory compiled it out of the French versions of “Merlin,”
“Launcelot,” “Tristram,” the “Queste du Saint Graal,” and the “Mort
Artur.” His own postscript at the end of the book fitly describes its
scope in very quaint terms. It runs as follows:—
Heere is the end of the whole booke of King Arthur and of his noble
Knights of the round table, that when they were whole together there
was ever an hundred and fortie. Also heere is the end of the death of
King Arthur. I pray you all, gentlemen and gentlewomen, that read this
book of King Arthur and his Knights from the beginning to the ending,
pray for me while I am alive, that God send mee good deliverance.
And when I am dead, I pray you all pray for my soule. For this booke
was finished the ninth yeare of the raigne of King Edward the Fourth,
by Sir Thomas Maleor, Knight, as Jesu help me for his great might, as
hee is the servant of Jesu both day and night.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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