VIII. JACOBITE BARDS 165 IX. MACPHERSON’S OSSIAN 185 X. OLD LAYS 207 XI. GENERAL LITERATURE 222 XII. SACRED BARDS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 236 XIII. BARDS OF THE ANGLO-GAELIC ERA 254 XIV. POPULAR SONGS 277 XV. BARDS OF THE CELTIC RENAISSANCE 292 XVI. SACRED BARDS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 314 XVII. THE GAELIC REVIVAL 326 INDEX 345 [Illustration: (decorative separator)] INTRODUCTION. “Forchubus caichduini imbia arrath inlebrán colli aratardda bendacht foranmain intruagáin rodscribai.” _Gaelic (Scot.) MS. of 9th Cent._ The Celts and the Teuton started westward from the cradle of the human race, spreading themselves over Europe; while other members of the same stock went eastward, extending themselves over wide tracts of Asia. From the Celts, the Greeks, the Romans, and the Teutons have sprung the chief nations in whose possession Europe still remains. It is interesting to think that the brothers who parted thousands of years ago, somewhere in teeming Asia, the one going east and the other west, are now meeting again on the plains of Hindostan. Their movements during those thousands of years have encircled the whole earth. Fiercely have they fought and disputed over every inch of the ground which one or other of their tribes at one time or other occupied. Theirs has always been the chief ruling power in the world. They begin to know one another again. From the extreme west of Europe, across the New World, the Anglo-Celt arrives in India and recognises the Hindoo as his brother.