Born at Berlin--Educated as a surgeon--Studies natural history--Visits Holland--England--Publishes his first great work--Accepts an appointment in the Academy of St. Petersburg--Catherine II.--Engages in the Russian enterprise for observing the transit of Venus--Sets out from St. Petersburg--Gadflies--River Jemlia--Pearl muscles--Arrives at Moscow--Marine sponges used for painting the cheeks--Rhubarb--Vlodimir--Cherry-orchards--Tartar princes--Goitres--Extreme filthiness of the Russians--Severe cold--Mules between the goat and sheep--Sulphurous springs--Environs of Sumara--Travels on sledges--Skeletons of elephants--Tizran--Excessive heat--Village unroofed by a hurricane--River Volga--Ancient tombs--Gigantic bones--Kalmuc camp--Archery--Botanical excursions--Marsh flies--Kirghees--Orenburg--Golden eagles--Falconry--Value of a trained hawk--Salt-mines--Chinese caravan--Jasper mountains--Jasper tombs--Ruins of Sarai--Embarks upon the Caspian Sea--Arranges his Journal--Floods--Hurricanes--Bottomless pit--Furious wild dogs--Beehives--Method of protecting the hives from the bears--Volcano--Burning forest--Cotton produced from the poplar-tree--Loses himself in a forest--Curious method of passing a river--Asbestos mountain--The mind abhors an uninterrupted calm--Insipid method of travelling--Method of preparing Russia leather in Siberia--Cheliabinsk--Departs for Eastern Siberia--Extensive conflagration--Steppe of Ischimi--Aquatic game--White herons--Arrives at Omsk--Refused permission to inspect the Siberian maps there--Banks of the Irtish--Continual storms--Method of preserving furs from the moth--Encounters an enormous wolf--Ancient mines--Attacked by dysentery--Prodigious tomb--Enormous lump of solid gold--Visits the Altaïc mountains--Sublime scenery--Black sparrows--Crosses Lake Baikal in a sledge--Rugged and sublime scenery--Tremendous storm--Hunting the sea-dog--Mongolia--Borders of China--His health declines--Blue crow--Locusts--Tartar hordes--Intense cold--Prepares for his return to Petersburg--Execrable manner of peopling Siberia--Perilous adventure--Wild horses--Ancient shores of the Caspian--Repairs to Moscow--Arrives at Petersburg--Premature old age--Publishes his travels, &c.--M. Cuvier--Theory of the earth--Traverses the southern provinces of Russia--Dies at Berlin--Character 65 CARSTEN NIEBUHR. Born 1733.--Died 1815.