The space in which the electron circulates is thought of as Euclidean, and the motion is described in time, which may be measured with clocks in the usual way. The general equations of electrodynamics do not apply; there are no propagation effects inside the atom, the motion of the electrons does not produce a magnetic field, and there is no radiation when the electron is in one of its possible stable states, in spite of the acceleration. We may, if we please, in working out the character of the motion, entirely neglect the electrical origin of the inverse square law, and treat this merely as an impressed force without further implications. Superposed on the ordinary spatial, temporal, and mechanical characteristics of the model are additional quantum properties, one which determines the particular orbit in which the electron moves [∫ pdq = nh], and another which determines the frequency of the radiation emitted when the electron passes from one allowed orbit to another. No mechanism is suggested to account for these quantum conditions, although the conditions are formulated in mechanical terms. We now have to ask what is the meaning in terms of operations of our usual concepts of space-time and mechanics when applied to phenomena of this order. It is of course evident, as has already been emphasized, that the concepts have entirely changed in character, because we do not measure an electron orbit, for example, by stepping off the diameter with meter sticks, or by measuring the time required for light to travel across the diameter. The particular feature of immediate interest in this changed situation is the change in number of our concepts on the atomic level. I shall not attempt to find by an exact analysis the number of independent concepts at this level; probably such an analysis is not possible. We may, however, make an approximate suggestion. Apparently the most important concept in describing relations inside a quantum system corresponds to that of energy on the ordinary scale. Changes of energy determine the frequency of emitted radiation, as well as the relations during collisions of atoms and electrons; these collisional relations make direct connection with experiment through the voltages applied to electrons in collision experiments. The analogue of the momentum concept also seems to have independent significance, as shown by the Compton effect. The frequency of emitted radiation is also something with independent experimental significance. I believe that these three things are all that have direct significance for quantum experiments made up to the present time. In any event, it is perfectly evident that on the quantum level the concepts which at present have operational significance are considerably fewer than on the level of ordinary experience.