IX. HOSPITAL, ALMSHOUSE, AND WORKHOUSE 171 GROUNDS X. PRIVATE AND PROMISCUOUS CEMETERIES 187 XI. THE CLOSING OF THE BURIAL-GROUNDS 209 AND VAULTS XII. GRAVEYARDS AS PUBLIC GARDENS 226 XIII. THE CEMETERIES STILL IN USE 250 XIV. A FORECAST OF THE FUTURE 263 APPENDIX. A. LIST OF BURIAL-GROUNDS IN EXISTENCE 279 B. LIST OF BURIAL-GROUNDS WHICH HAVE 321 DISAPPEARED C. CHURCHES AND CHAPELS WITHOUT 329 BURIAL-GROUNDS, BUT WITH VAULTS UNDER THEM D. HOW TO LAY OUT A BURIAL-GROUND AS A 331 GARDEN E. THE DISUSED BURIAL-GROUNDS ACT, 336 ETC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. ST. PETER’S, CORNHILL _Frontispiece_ 2. TUMULUS AT HAMPSTEAD 25 3. ROMAN MONUMENT FROM LUDGATE 27 4. BURIAL OF A MONK 34 5. PLAN OF PRIORY OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW 37 THE GREAT 6. CRYPT OF ST. MARTIN LE GRAND IN 39 1818 7. CRYPT OF ST. JOHN’S, CLERKENWELL 45 8. REMAINS OF BERMONDSEY ABBEY ABOUT 48 1800 9. PAUL’S CROSS 57 10. ELM ON SITE OF PAUL’S CROSS 60 11. ST. MARGARET’S, WESTMINSTER, AND 63 THE ABBEY CHURCHYARD ABOUT 1750 12. GREAT CLOISTER, WESTMINSTER 64 13. ST. PETER’S CHAPEL IN THE TOWER 69 ABOUT 1750 14. THREE COFFIN LIDS FROM THE TOWER 71 15. ALLHALLOWS’, STAINING 79 16. CRIPPLEGATE CHURCHYARD ABOUT 1830 80 17. ST. MILDRED’S, BREAD STREET 83 18. PLAN OF ST. BENET FINK IN 1834 84 19. THE CHURCHYARD OF ST. BENET, PAUL’S 86 WHARF, 1838 20. ALL SAINTS’, WANDSWORTH, ABOUT 1800 93 21. EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TOMBSTONE 96 21A. NINETEENTH-CENTURY TOMBSTONE 97 22. SHOREDITCH VILLAGE 100 23. ST. PANCRAS VILLAGE 101 24. ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS 107 25. SITE OF ST. KATHARINE’S DOCKS 112 26. ST. MATTHEW’S, BETHNAL GREEN, 1818 113 27. TOTHILL FIELDS PEST-HOUSES 123