The London Mercury, Vol. I, Nos. 1-6, November 1919 to April 1920Various
General
The London Mercury, Vol. I, Nos. 1-6, November 1919 to April 1920
Various
English literature -- Periodicals; London (England) -- Periodicals
It was quite time that we had in English a standard treatise on
gyroscopic motion. Space is, of course, devoted to the subject in
various well-known text-books on rigid dynamics, and there are one
or two good little books of an elementary nature, such as Perry's
_Spinning Tops_ and Crabtree's _Spinning Tops and Gyroscopic Motion_,
but hitherto the man in search of detailed information on problems
concerning tops in the widest sense has had to go to Klein and
Sommerfeld's _Theorie des Kreisels_, if he could not find what he
wanted in Sir George Greenhill's _Report_. That Professor Gray should
be the man to supply our want is only fitting. At the University of
Glasgow, where he succeeded to the chair of Natural Philosophy left
vacant by Lord Kelvin's death, an interest in gyroscopic motion is
traditional, and Professor Gray inherited a collection of apparatus
for experiment in this field which he has extended by many ingenious
and convenient forms of gyroscope described in the book before us.
His own researches on the general dynamics of gyroscopic systems have
added clearness to that branch of applied mathematics, and his son
is an expert in the design and application of practical gyrostats. A
judicious combination of experimental and theoretical treatment forms
the great attraction of Professor Gray's book.
The problems of gyroscopic motion range from the behaviour of the
schoolboy's top to that of this great top, the earth, and include a
great number of engineering applications. The torpedo is kept in its
course by a gyroscope; the gyroscopic compass, which makes no use
of magnetic properties, has rendered possible the navigation of a
submerged submarine; Schlich invented a gyroscopic apparatus, which
has been tried successfully in small ships, for keeping a vessel from
rolling in a rough sea; with Brennan's monorail the car is kept upright
by means of a gyroscopic device; and many other ingenious uses have
been made of the seemingly paradoxical properties of spinning tops. The
gyroscopic compass is, unfortunately, not treated in Professor Gray's
book, nor is there any account of other naval and military applications
of the gyroscope, since the author, finding that the official secrecy,
necessarily imposed at the time of writing, would prevent him giving
anything but a fragmentary account, has preferred to reserve his
discussion of these appliances to a promised second volume. Very little
is said of the monorail (in fact, Brennan's name is not mentioned),
which is less explicable. Many practical applications of gyroscopic
theory to such problems as the drift of projectiles, golf balls, and
boomerangs (the last-named treated necessarily in a very general
manner) come up for consideration, and the forgotten diabolo, child of
a passing craze, is resurrected to provide an example of the effect
of equality of the principal moments of inertia on the stability of
rotation of a body under no forces. Most attention is, however, given
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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