The Essenes had a common treasury, formed by throwing together the property of such as entered into the society, and by the earnings of each man’s labour.(28) They wore simple habits—only such clothing as was necessary for covering nakedness and giving protection from the cold or heat.(29) They forbad oaths, their conversation being “yea, yea, and nay, nay.”(30) Their diet was confined to simple nourishing food, and they abstained from delicacies.(31) They exhibited the greatest respect for the constituted authorities, and refrained from taking any part in the political intrigues, or sharing in the political jealousies, which were rife among the Jews.(32) They fasted, and were incessant at prayer, but without the ostentation that marked the Pharisees.(33) They seem to have greatly devoted themselves to the cure of diseases, and, if we may trust the derivation of their name given by Josephus, they were called Essenes from their being the healers of men’s minds and bodies.(34) If now we look at our blessed Lord’s teaching, we find in it much in common with that of the Essenes. The same insisting before the multitude on purity of thought, disengagement of affections from the world, disregard of wealth and clothing and delicate food, pursuit of inward piety instead of ostentatious formalism. His miracles of healing also, to the ordinary observer, served to identify him with the sect which made healing the great object of their study. But these were not the only points of connection between him and the Essenes. The Essenes, instead of holding the narrow prejudices of the Jews against Samaritans and Gentiles, extended their philanthropy to all. They considered that all men had been made in the image of God, that all were rational beings, and that therefore God’s care was not confined to the Jewish nation, salvation was not limited to the circumcision.(35) The Essenes, moreover, exhibited a peculiar veneration for light. It was their daily custom to turn their faces devoutly towards the rising of the sun, and to chant hymns addressed to that luminary, purporting that his beams ought to fall on nothing impure. If we look at the Gospels, we cannot fail to note how incessantly Christ recurs in his teaching to light as the symbol of the truth he taught,(36) as that in which his disciples were to walk, of which they were to be children, which they were to strive to obtain in all its purity and brilliancy. The Essenes, moreover, had their esoteric doctrine; to the vulgar they had an esoteric teaching on virtue and disregard of the world, whilst among themselves they had a secret lore, of which, unfortunately, we know nothing certain. In like manner, we find our Lord speaking in parables to the multitude, and privately revealing their interpretation to his chosen disciples. “Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God, but to others in parables; that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand.”(37)