Arthur, King -- Homes and haunts -- England -- Cornwall (County); Cornwall (England : County) -- Antiquities, Celtic
The great antiquity of Winchester would make its possession of such a
relic, if genuine, quite possible. The ancient capital of England was
possessed by the Romans, who erected the massive walls and temples
of which it justly boasts. Some authorities declare that the first
Christian church was erected in Winchester about the year 169, three
centuries or more before King Arthur’s time, and that it was converted
into a temple of Dagon, or Woden, by the Saxons late in the fifth
century. Portion of Winchester was called by the Romans “Gwent,” or the
Hollow, and this name being confused with the Gwent in Monmouthshire
probably led to the transference of the scenes of the Arthurian legend
to the famous capital. This class of error, as has been already pointed
out, has not been infrequently met with in old chronicles. It was owing
to some such confusion of ideas in the mind of King Henry VII that he
named his son, born in Winchester Castle, after the Arthur of romance.
Winchester, in fact, plays no mean part in the Arthurian drama. It
was at times confused with Camelot, and given as the alternative name
of that place. But there is no substance in the claim that the Round
Table now to be seen in Winchester is really Arthurian. Even Defoe in
his eighteenth-century chronicle of a journey from London to Land’s
End talks contemptuously of the pretence to pass off the relic as “a
piece of antiquity to the tune of twelve hundred years,” and he threw
absolute discredit upon the whole story.
Caerleon-on-Usk, the historic capital of King Arthur’s realm, claims
(as we have related) also to possess the Round Table, but in this
instance the visitor is taken to a field, still bearing the name of
the Round Table Field, in which a circular cavity probably marks the
site of a Roman encampment. The local legend is that beneath this field
King Arthur and his knights sleep entranced, and await the summons to
come forth and save England from peril. On the top of Cadbury Hill,
Somerset, at a spot known as Cadbury Camp, a vast artificial circle,
which is doubtless also of Roman origin, is designated the Round Table;
and about half a mile from Penrith in Scotland a circular intrenchment,
eighty-seven feet in diameter, is popularly known by the same name.
Scott mentions “Penrith’s Table Round” in his _Bridal of Triermain_,
and one of Lockhart’s notes explains that the circle within the ditch
is about one hundred and sixty paces in circumference, with openings,
or approaches, directly opposite each other. “As the ditch is on the
inner side it could not be intended for the purpose of defence, and it
has been reasonably conjectured that the enclosure was designed for the
solemn exercise of feats of chivalry, and the embankment around for the
convenience of spectators.” This Scotch reference has a significance of
its own, but, standing alone, and combated by other claims, it cannot
be deemed of very high importance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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