Arthur, King -- Homes and haunts -- England -- Cornwall (County); Cornwall (England : County) -- Antiquities, Celtic
There may not be much to warrant the various traditions of Camelot,
and there remains nothing to verify them. South Cadbury, or Cadbury
Camp, silent and deserted as it now is, undoubtedly has a curious
history. It was anciently known as Camallate and Camellek, and was
early associated with King Arthur; it was a hill-fort of that strange,
strong race of warriors, the Belgæ, who overran the southern counties
and were dislodged from their strongholds with the greatest difficulty
by the Romans. This camp was as the rallying-point in the British and
Christian dominion of Gladerhaf, or Somerset. Some have supposed it
was the Cathbrigion where Arthur routed the Saxons in a great battle,
and so linked his name indissolubly with the locality. Leland in his
Itinerary described it as “sometime a famous town or castle, upon
a very torre or hill, wonderfully enstrengthened of nature”; and
John Selden, in his notes to the _Polyolbion_ of Drayton, definitely
described it as “a hill of a mile compass at the top, four trenches
encircling it, and twixt every one of them an earthen wall; the
contents of it, within about twenty acres, full of ruins and relics
of old buildings.” It has yielded various ancient weapons, Roman
coins, a silver horseshoe, and articles of camp equipage. The four
concentric deep ditches and the ramparts, forty-five feet apart, can
still be traced, and the camp seems to have been originally connected
with an extensive intrenchment on the opposite summit of the hill to
the north-west. From its position Cadbury must have been an important
station commanding the military road which ran from Bower Walls on the
Avon to the neighbouring heights of Clevedon--the little town which
gave birth to Arthur Henry Hallam, whose ancestral abode, Clevedon
Court, is sheltered by the fir-trees which are seen grouped in gloom
from Cadbury’s height. At Clevedon also dwelt Coleridge for a time,
as several of his poems, written in celebration of the surrounding
scenes, will for ever remind us. From Cadbury can be discerned the
pretty village of Wrington, where is cherished the memory of the Rev.
W. Leeves, who fashioned for “Auld Robin Gray” a fitting melody. It is
easy to perceive that the possessor of a stronghold on Cadbury would
be able to hold in subjection the entire district, and the name of the
place appears to bear witness that a decisive battle once raged there,
for _cad_ is the Cornish and Cymrian word for battle, and _bury_ for
hill or brow.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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