Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
The Lakhers, in common with the Chins, are less democratic than
the Lushais and their cognates. The power of the chiefs is greater,
and the chiefs' relatives and other wealthy people form a kind of
peerage and lord it over the lesser fry, being seldom interfered
with unless their doings endanger the interests of the chief. Slaves
with the Lakhers are real slaves, not merely unpaid servants as among
the Lushais. A slave is the absolute property of his master, and may
be sold like any other possession. Female slaves are not allowed to
marry, but are encouraged to become mothers, as their children are the
property of their owners. Male slaves who win their master's favour
are sometimes married at their owner's expense, but they and their
children remain slaves. Parents and other relations sell children
when they are in pecuniary difficulties, and captives taken in war
are naturally the slaves of their captors.
In the matter of marriage the Lakher's choice is as little limited as
that of the Lushai but, owing to the power of the upper class, there
is great competition to secure a bride of good birth, and this leads
to girls being married before they attain puberty. After her marriage
such a child-wife helps in the household of her husband's mother, but
sleeps with her own parents. The following extract from a report on
the Lakhers sent me by Mr. Whalley, of the E. Bengal and Assam Police,
cannot be improved on:--"The advanced age, as regards males, at which
marriage takes place is due to the recognised obligation on the part
of every male to marry the daughter of a house of higher standing
than his own, with the consequently disproportionate advance in the
amount of the marriage price. Too frequently a male on coming into
his inheritance is occupied during his years of vigour in paying off
the debt of his mother's marriage price, and can only afford to take
a wife of a higher station than his own when he is no longer capable
of becoming a father. In the interval he takes a concubine, generally
of a lower class than his own. On the other hand, the marriage or
betrothal of children by their parents is common. Such marriages are
on two scales. In both from the date of betrothal the bridegroom
commences to pay the marriage price in irregular instalments; in
one, however, he contracts, if he becomes a father by his bride,
to pay the whole marriage price, and can claim the return of all
payments made if the decease of his bride precedes such an event;
in the other he pays only a proportion of the whole fixed beforehand,
which is not recoverable, even if marriage is never consummated. The
first is in more general favour with parents, as even in the case of
the death of the prospective bride it is by no means certain that,
in view of the disparity in position of the families, the bridegroom
will be able to compel disgorgement of the instalments paid."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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