Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
The proud title of Thangchhuah, which carries with it much honour
in this world as well as the right of admission to Pial-ral after
death, can only be obtained by killing a man and each of the
following animals--elephant, bear, sambhur, barking deer, wild
boar, wild mithan--and by giving the feasts enumerated below; but
it is well also to have killed a species of snake called "rulngan,"
a bird called "vahluk" and a species of eagle called "mu-van-lai"
(hawk in the middle of the sky). A Lushai gave me the following
account of the journey of Thangchhuah to Pial-ral.
"After death the dead man holds the horns of the sambhur while sitting
on its head, the rulngan will wind itself round him and the horns,
the mu-van-lai will try to seize the rulngan, but the Thangchhuah can
drive them off. That is why they always fly screaming so high in the
sky. The vahluk shade him by flying above him and also hide him from
Pupawla, and thus the Thangchhuah is carried to Pial-ral."
In Pial-ral food and drink are to be obtained without labour, which
to the Lushai appears the height of bliss.
The omission of the tiger from the list of animals which a Thangchhuah
must have killed is curious, and I cannot explain it as the Lushais
have no superstitious objection to killing tigers and the "Ai" of
a tiger is a very special function, as will be seen in para. 4 of
this chapter.
This ceremony called "Ai" is always performed when a man or a wild
animal has been killed. It is supposed to give the performer's ghost
power over the ghosts of the man or animals killed. He is described as
going to Pial-ral leading the ghost of his enemy on a string like a
dog. Every member of a hunting party in which an elephant is killed
or of a raiding party in which a man is slain is entitled to say
that he has killed an elephant or a man. This simplifies admission to
Pial-ral, and now that the killing of men and elephants is prohibited
by an unsympathetic Government, it is popularly supposed that this
qualification will not be insisted on.
Many people profess to have seen Mi-thi-khua in their dreams, but none
claim to have seen Pial-ral. Should a person dream of his parents
and in his dream accept rice from their hands he will die without
fail in a very short time.
I have been told that the spirits of the dead sometimes are
reincarnated in the form of hornets and sometimes in the form of dew,
and if this falls on a person the spirit is reborn in his or her child.
[2. Ancestor worship.] Though this can scarcely be said to be the
religion of the Lushais, yet they firmly believe that the spirits of
the dead are constantly present and need to be propitiated, and one
of the principal Thangchhuah feasts is in honour of the dead. This
is described in para. 9 of this chapter.
At every feast or sacrifice a small portion of flesh, rice, and a
little zu is placed on a shelf under the eaves for the spirits of
the dead members of the family. This is called "rao-chhiak."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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