[Transcriber's note: A very few German names appeared in the original with umlauts. These have been transcribed as an "e". A few spelling errors in the original are indicated with a "[sic]". The original uses italics to indicate most of the German and Latin in the text, and all of the authors' names in the bibliography. Italics are transcribed with the underscore character at the beginning and end. Footnotes in the original are transcribed here in a paragraph immediately below the paragraph to which the footnote is connected. The appendix contains a table that is 102 characters wide.] The Lutherans of New York Their Story and Their Problems BY GEORGE U. WENNER, D.D., L.H.D. Pastor of Christ Church New York THE PETERSFIELD PRESS 819 East Nineteenth Street 1918 Copyright, 1918 By GEORGE U. WENNER TO THE LUTHERANS OF NEW YORK IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY _May you bring forth fruit and may your fruit remain_ Contents Apology Introduction Their Story In the Seventeenth Century--1648-1700 In the Eighteenth Century--1701-1750 In the Eighteenth Century--1751-1800 In the Nineteenth Century--1801-1838 In the Nineteenth Century--1839-1865 In the Nineteenth Century--1866-1900 In the Twentieth Century--1900-1918 Their Problems The Problem of Synods The Problem of Language The Problem of Membership The Problem of Religious Education The Problem of Lapsed Lutherans The Problem of Statistics Epilogue Appendix--The Churches; Deaconesses; Former Pastors; Sons of the Churches; Institutions and Societies; Other Associations; Periodicals; Book-stores; Bibliography; Index. Illustrations Frontispiece [Transcriber's note: a portrait of the author] When New York Was Young A Corner of Broad Street New Amsterdam in 1640 In the Eighteenth Century Trinity Church Henry Melchior Muehlenberg The Old Swamp Church Frederick Muehlenberg John Christopher Kunze Kunze's Gravestone Carl F. E. Stohlmann, D.D. Pastor Wilhelm Heinrich Berkemeier The Wartburg G. F. Krotel, D.D., LL.D. Augustus Charles Wedekind, D.D. Pastor J. H. Sieker Charles E. Weltner, D.D. Apology Lutherans are not foreigners in New York. Most of us it is true are new comers. But with a single exception, that of the Dutch Reformed Church, Lutherans were the first to plant the standard of the cross on Manhattan Island. The story of our church runs parallel with that of the city. Our problems are bound up with those of New York. Our neighbors ought to be better acquainted with us. We ought to be better acquainted with them. We have common tasks, and it would be well if we knew more of each other's ways and aims. New York is a cosmopolitan city. It is the gateway through which the nations are sending their children into the new world.