Colonel Fenoglietto, who kindly provided a part of the photographs reproduced in the book; Commendatore Fracassetti, director of the Museo del Risorgimento in Rome, who kindly placed a large number of photographs at my disposal, authorizing me to make use of them; Captain Harold Goad, British liaison officer with the Italian force from soon after its landing at Salonica until it was broken up in the summer of 1919, who supplied me with many details concerning the topography of the Italian area of the Macedonian front, which he knew stone by stone, and his notes and recollections of many political and military episodes. Few men have done such admirable and disinterested work in favour of good relations between Britain and Italy, both during and after the war, as this officer, who was most deservedly decorated with the Italian silver medal for valour in the field. L. V. CONTENTS PAGE PREFATORY NOTE 5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION--REASONS FOR THE MACEDONIAN CAMPAIGN AND FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF ITALY. POLITICAL INTRIGUES AND FIRST MILITARY OPERATIONS 11 II. OPERATIONS IN THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1916 36 III. THE COMMAND OF THE ALLIED ARMIES IN THE ORIENT. THE FRENCH TROOPS 56 IV. THE BRITISH SALONICA FORCE 68 V. THE SERBIANS 85 VI. THE ITALIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE 96 VII. OPERATIONS IN THE WINTER AND SPRING OF 1917 118 VIII. GREEK AFFAIRS 137 IX. SALONICA AND THE WAY THITHER 157 X. IRRITATION AGAINST GENERAL SARRAIL 171 XI. FROM THE SALONICA FIRE TO THE RECALL OF SARRAIL 179 XII. GENERAL GUILLAUMAT 191 XIII. MARKING TIME. ARRIVAL OF GENERAL FRANCHET D’ESPÉREY 199 XIV. ON THE EVE OF THE OFFENSIVE 211 XV. THE BATTLE OF THE BALKANS 225 XVI. FINAL OPERATIONS 255 APPENDIX A. LETTER FROM VOIVOD MICHICH TO GENERAL PETITTI DI RORETO CONCERNING THE FIGHTING ON HILL 1050 IN FEBRUARY 1917 271 APPENDIX B. LOSSES OF THE BELLIGERENTS DURING THE MACEDONIAN CAMPAIGN 272