World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Balkan Peninsula
The British Army in Macedonia, officially known as the B.S.F. (British
Salonica Force), originally consisted, like the French force, of units
transported from the Dardanelles. Later it was reinforced by fresh
divisions and became on autonomous army, although always under the
superior command of the French C.-in-C. It comprised 2 Army Corps
(the XII and the XVI), at first of 3 infantry divisions each (10th,
22nd, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 60th), the 228th Garrison Brigade and
2 cavalry brigades; in the course of 1917, as we have seen, two of
these divisions--the 10th and the 60th--and the cavalry brigades were
withdrawn and sent to Egypt, so that only four divisions remained, plus
the garrison brigade, composed of men not fit for the front line. The
artillery was strengthened in 1918 by a fairly large number of 6-in.
guns and howitzers. Each division consisted as usual of 3 brigades, and
each brigade at first of 4 battalions, but later on, when strengths
had fallen very low, they were reduced to three. Each division had its
own artillery, cavalry, engineers, and other services, and sometimes
even the brigades were so provided, and there were in addition the army
corps and army artillery and services, and the air force. The troops
and services in the base area and on the lines of communication were
under the Base Commandant; later a G.O.C. Lines of Communication was
also appointed. As regards effectives, strengths were allowed to fall
dangerously low, because the War Office was always somewhat hostile
to the Macedonian enterprise--at a certain moment, as we shall see,
a proposal was made that it should be withdrawn into the Salonica
entrenched camp. Consequently, reinforcements were sent out grudgingly
and in insufficient numbers, while disease and to a lesser extent war
losses caused serious inroads into the strength of the B.S.F. During
the last phase of the war the battalions rarely had more than 500 men
each.
G.H.Q., Salonica, attempted to make good these losses by repeated
“combings out,” sending to the battalions at the front all the men who
could justly be regarded as fit, and reducing the number of British
transport drivers, muleteers and soldiers attached to the base and
lines-of-communication units to a minimum, and substituting them with
Indians, Cypriots and Macedonian natives; a school for these new
transport drivers was instituted at Lembet near Salonica and gave
good results, while a great deal of useful work was accomplished by
native labour battalions; the latter were also employed by other Allied
armies, and there was a considerable amount of lively competition among
the different forces to secure as large a share as possible of the
available supply of native workers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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