QUARTZ. In 1772 Cronstedt wrote in his work on Mineralogy: “I shall adopt the name of Quartz in English as it has already general access in other European Languages.” There seems to be little doubt regarding the origin of the word which comes from the German QUARZ. Professor James D. Dana gives the Quartz varieties under the following heads:— 1. _Vitreous._ Distinguished by their glassy fracture. 2. _Chalcedonic._ Having a sub-vitreous or a waxy lustre and generally translucent. 3. _Jaspery Cryptocrystalline._ Having barely a glimmering lustre or none, and opaque. To the first belong: Amethyst, Aventurine Quartz, Cairngorm, Citrine, Ferruginous Quartz, False or Spanish Topaz, Milk Quartz, Prase, Rock Crystal, Rose Quartz, Smoky Quartz. To the second belong: Chalcedony, Chrysoprase, Sard, Carnelian, Agate, Onyx, Cat’s Eye, Flint, Hornstone, Chert, Plasma. To the third belong: Jasper, Heliotrope or Bloodstone, Lydian Stone, Touchstone, Basanite, Silicified Wood, Pseudomorphous Quartz, etc. Opal is a near ally to Quartz which is a most useful as well as an ornamental substance. RUBELLITE. (See TOURMALINE.) RUBICELLE. (See SPINEL.) RUBY “_He that has once the flower of the Sunne The perfect ruby which we call elixir._” BEN JOHNSON. The ruby derives its name from the Latin RUBER, red, and some of its forms at various periods are given by Dr. Murray as rubye, rubie, rubey, roby, rooby, rube, rubu, rybe, rybee, rybwe, ribe, riby. The stone is of the corundum family which includes the sapphire, oriental amethyst, oriental topaz, oriental chrysoberyl, oriental emerald, oriental cats-eye, oriental moonstone, adamantine spar of hair-brown colour and the well-known emery. The term “oriental” is also applied to the ruby and serves to distinguish it from the spinel, ruby garnet and a number of other red stones. The definition “oriental” is applied only to the corundum family and was, according to Dr. G. F. H. Smith, attached to these hard coloured stones which in early days reached Europe by way of the East. The name CORUNDUM is derived from a Sanscrit word of doubtful meaning, and the minerals included in it come next in hardness to the diamond. The ruby therefore is a red sapphire, and the sapphire a blue ruby, and it is no infrequent thing to find the two stones combined in one specimen. Mr. Emanuel has drawn attention to the fact that rubies and sapphires are always found in gold-bearing country. It has been stated that whilst sapphires have been found in Australia the red sapphire or ruby has not. This is incorrect. At the Anakie sapphire fields in Central Queensland rubies are also found, and some specimens exhibit blended colours. It is true, however, that rubies have not up to the present been found in Australia in great quantities. The most celebrated ruby mines in the world are the Mogok mines in Upper Burma.