* * * * * FOOTNOTES: [1] The distinction still holds good, and those Spaniards who have travelled, _e.g._ to Buenos Aires, differ by a certain practical energy and optimism from those who have never left the Peninsula. [2] “The Ingenious and Diverting Letters of the Lady----. Travels into Spain.” English translation. Second edition. London. 1692. [3] Villefranche. “État présent d’Espagne.” 1717. [4] Edward Clarke. “Letters concerning the Spanish Nation.” London. 1763. [5] This pessimism “is based on our recent disasters; on the fact that we are fallen, a terrible fact in the implacable merciless logic of international life; on the momentary lack of will from which we are suffering; and on the anachronism of certain vices and ideals which, since they can no longer, as in past ages, be excused on the ground that other nations share them, seem to show that we are incorrigible.” Rafael Altamira, “Psicología del Pueblo Español” (Madrid. 1902), in which will be found several of the opinions quoted above. [6] “Los Males de la Patria.” [7] “Idearium Español.” [8] “La Voluntad.” Barcelona. 1902: “La intuición de las cosas, la visión rápida no falta, pero falta, en cambio, la co-ordinación reflexiva, el laboreo paciente, la voluntad.” [9] “Alcalá de los Zegríes.” Madrid. 1910. [10] Saints in other countries have carried their heads in their hands, but there is a legend of a saint in Spain who, not content to walk a league with his head under his arm, continued to talk the while without ceasing. He was, no doubt “concealing the poverty of his action,” like Bertram dal Bornio, carrying his head “a guisa di lanterna” in the Inferno. [11] “Comedia Sentimental.” 1909. [12] One may apply to it the words of Santa Teresa-- “Tiene tan divinas mañas Que en un tan acerbo trance Sale triunfando del lance Obrando grandes hazañas.” [13] Ford considered the Basque to be as “proud as Lucifer and as combustible as his matches,” and there is a proverb, “En nave y en castillo no más que un vizcaino.” Cf. Camões. Os Lusiadas: A gente biscainha que carece De polidas razões e que as injurias Muito mal dos estranhos compadece. [14] The Castilians, said King James I. of Aragon, are very haughty and proud: _de gran ufania e erguylhosos_. In the Lusiads the Castilian is “grande e raro.” [15] The line of Dante is well known: “l’avara povertà di Catalogna.” Napier speaks of “the Catalans, a fierce and constant race.”