I. The Ritualists.--II. The Legalists.--III. The Disciples of the Prophets.--IV. The Date and Character of the Book of Jonah.--V. Its Teachings.--VI. The Book of Ecclesiastes.--VII. Koheleth's Philosophy of Life. Section CVII. THE TEACHINGS OF JESUS THE SON OF SIRACH B. Sir. 1:1-10, 2:1-9, 3:17-30, 4:2, 9, 10, 20-25, 28-31, 5:1-2, 6:2, 4-8, 14-16, 7:12, 13, 20-22, 28-30. I. Date and Character of Jesus the Son of Sirach.--II. His Writings.-- III. The History of the Book.--IV. Its Picture of Jewish Life.--V. Rise of the Scribes.--VI. The Teachings of Ben Sira. Section CVIII. THE CAUSES OF THE MACCABEAN STRUGGLE I Mac. 1:10-22,24-63. I. The Character and Contents of I Maccabees.--II. Character and Contents of II Maccabees.--III. Aggressive Character of Hellenic Culture.-- IV. Contrast between Hellenism and Judaism.--V. Apostasy of the Jews and Perfidy of the High Priests.--VI. Character of Antiochus Epiphanes.-- VII. His Policy toward the Jews. Section CIX. THE EFFECT OF PERSECUTION UPON THE JEWS I Mac. 2, Dan. 7:1-27, 12:1-3. I. The Uprising Led by Mattathias.--II. Party of the Hasideans or Pious.-- III. Date of the Visions in Daniel 7-12.--IV. Their Real Character and Aim.--V. The Four Heathen Kingdoms and the Kingdom of God. Section CX. THE VICTORIES THAT GAVE THE JEWS RELIGIOUS LIBERTY I Mac. 3:1-43,46-60, 4. I. The Character of Judas.--II. Obstacles against which Judas Contended.-- III. Defeat of Apollonius and Seron.--IV. The Battle of Emmaus.--V. The Battle at Bethsura.--VI. Restoration of the Temple Service.--VII. The New Spirit in Judaism. Section CXI. THE LONG CONTEST FOR POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE I Mac. 5:1-23, 45, 54, 65-68, 63, 6:18-63, 7, 9:1-31, 10:1-21, 67-71, 74-76, 11:20-29. I. The Political Situation.--II. The Jewish Attitude toward the Heathen Reflected in the Book of Esther.--III. Campaigns against the Neighboring Peoples.--IV. The Battle of Beth-zacharias.--V. Victories Over Nicanor.-- VI. The Death of Judas.--VII. Dissensions in the Syrian Court.-- VIII. Concessions to Jonathan. Section CXII. PEACE AND PROSPERITY UNDER SIMON I Mac. 11:38-40, 54-56, 12:39-53, 13:1-11, 20-30, 33, 43-53, 14:16-18, 38-49, 4-15. I. Capture and Death of Jonathan.--II. Character and Policy of Simon.-- III. His Conquests.--IV. His Authority.--V. Completion of the Psalter.-- VI. The Religious Life Reflected in the Later Psalms. Section CXIII. THE RULE OF JOHN HYRCANUS AND ARISTOBULUS I Mac. 16:11-22, Jos. Jew. War, I, 2:3c-4b, 4d, 5, 6, Jos. Ant. XIII, 9:1d, e, Jos. Jew. War, I, 2:7a, b, Jos. Ant. XIII, 10:5, 6a, c, 7, 11:1a-c, 3a, 3e. I. Murder of Simon.--II. The Syrian Invasion.--III. John's Military Policy and Conquests.--IV. The Break with the Pharisees.--V. The Reign of Aristobulus. Section CXIV THE PHARISEES, SADDUCEES, AND ESSENES Jos. Ant. XVIII, 1:2, 3a-c, 3d, 4a, b, 5a, b, Jos. Jew. War, II, 8:2-8, 9a-c, 10b, c, 11b, 12.