=Abercromby, James= (1706-1781). Entered the army, and obtained commission as major, 1742; lieutenant-colonel, 1744; colonel, 1746. Sent to America with 50th Regiment, 1756; superseded Shirley and Webb in command of the army; and then resigned command to Lord Loudon. In 1757 commanded second brigade against Louisbourg. On Loudon's recall, became commander-in-chief, 1758. Led expedition against Ticonderoga, with Lord Howe as second in command. On Howe's death, the campaign became a dismal failure for the British, Abercromby being outgeneralled at every point by Montcalm. Returned to England, and in 1772 deputy-governor of Stirling Castle. =Index=: =WM= Sent to America with reinforcements, 33; commands division intended to operate by way of Lake Champlain, 54; repulsed at Fort Carillon, 55-61. =Hd= His recall, 21. _See also_ Howe; Rogers; Ticonderoga; Carillon. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Rogers, _Journals during the Late War_, ed. by Hough. =Abercromby, Sir Ralph= (1734-1801). Commanded a brigade in Holland under Duke of York, 1793, and wounded at Nimeguen. Afterwards appointed commander-in-chief of the forces in the West Indies. Held successive commands in Ireland, Scotland, in the expedition to Holland, and, in 1801, appointed to command the expedition against the French in Egypt. Won a brilliant victory near Alexandria, but died of wounds received in the battle. =Index=: =Bk= Brock serves under, in Holland, 14. =Bib.=: Dunfermline, _Sir Ralph Abercromby: a Memoir; Dict. Nat. Biog._ =Aberdeen, John Campbell Hamilton Gordon, seventh Earl of= (1847- )). A baronet of Nova Scotia. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Succeeded to peerage, 1870. Appointed viceroy of Ireland, 1886. Appointed governor-general of Canada, 1893. Again appointed viceroy of Ireland, 1905. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men; Who's Who_. =Abnaki Indians.= A tribe of the Algonquian family, inhabiting a portion of what is now the province of New Brunswick. They were early converts of the French missionaries, and made common cause with the French against the English colonists. A number were brought to Canada in the seventeenth century, and formed a settlement on the St. Francis River, a few miles above its junction with the St. Lawrence. The Indian town was destroyed by Robert Rogers in 1759. =Index=: =F= Hostile to New England, 240; incited by Governor Denonville, 249; ravages committed by, 316; attack settlement at York, 326; repulsed at Wells, 327; disposed to make peace with New England, 328; French influence in opposite direction prevails, 330; attack settlement of Oyster River, 330; fired on from Fort Pemaquid under flag of truce, 331. =L= Ravages committed by, on New England settlements, 12; in Acadia, 228. =WM= Enemies of the English, 16. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Pilling, _Bibliography of Algonquian Languages_; Vetromile, _The Abnakis and their History_. =Abraham, Plains of.= _See_ Plains of Abraham.