We can understand, too, by considering what man owes to his relations,
how widely and completely he is separated from the lower animals. A
thousand blackbirds, living together in relation, are not different from
a thousand blackbirds living apart and out of relation. A squirrel gains
no element of squirrelhood by companionship, and loses no element of it
in isolation. He may be taken from his nest as soon as he is born and
never be permitted to see another squirrel, but he will be just as much
of a squirrel, and know as well how to get the meat out of a nut, as if
free in the forests with others of his kind. A mocking bird comes to the
power of song as well in a cage, separated from other birds, as when fed
and trained in the orchard by the mother-bird. The chords in his throat
were set to music, and without teacher or praise, at a certain period of
his growth, his song will ring through the house.
The difference between a man brought up in some lone woods, out of all
relation with men, and one brought up in a civilized community, is
infinite. The lower animals get all they ever get by birth. No new
gifts or powers come to them through companionship. They go unerringly
to a certain destined end, whether they move in flocks or herds, or
alone as individuals. Men, on the other hand, find themselves by coming
together. Their organs sleep till waked by relation. By birth they can
get nothing but the germs, the mere naked elements of what they are to
become. Birth would be no blessing, but a deepening curse, but for what
comes to the child through relation. Birthright alone is not worth a mess
of pottage. Men often congratulate themselves on what they are pleased
to term their individual rights and personal freedom. While men do have
individual rights and personal freedom, it is always to be remembered
that these belong to them because of the relations woven around them by
the institutions of social life. The civilized man differs more from the
savage, than the savage differs from the highest animal. Yet the lowest
savage is infinitely removed from the highest animal, but solely in the
possession of the germs of the attainments and the accomplishments which
may be provoked and maintained by relation. Society alone furnishes the
soil in which these germs can grow. The savage, alone in the woods,
might secure for himself a covering of skins, but the cloth in which the
civilized man clothes himself is possible only in social relations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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