The human mind has never been able to resist the conviction that there is
such a thing as truth. Though baffled and defeated a thousand times, in
every age, in its attempt to formulate truth, it has never been able to
consent to give up the search for it. Interest in truth has kept alive
and fostered the belief that the mind has power to understand it. The
mind’s passion for truth has deepened its confidence in the faculties
with which it is ever trying to discover it. The everlasting longing to
know truth has been taken as implicit capacity to find it. Philosophic
systems have been only so many devices and creations of the mind with
which to take hold of truth. The methods proposed, in the first stages
of philosophic thinking, for getting at the truth were crude, as the
first instruments devised for cultivating the soil and getting out of
it what there was in it for food, were crude. Thales, Pythagoras, and
Anaximander first attempted to penetrate objective reality, to know its
cause, to bring its multiplicity to unity, and to reduce its variety
to law. The ever-changing phenomena by which they were surrounded
necessarily eluded the meager theories with which they attempted to
reduce them to order. They prepared the way, however, for systems which
accommodated a greater number of facts. They made possible Plato and
Aristotle, who, with hypotheses more complicated and more consonant
with the reality they sought to grasp, found truth enough to keep the
human race thinking for two thousand years. The blocks of truth they
quarried from the mines of objective reality were used to carry up the
theological and speculative temples of the Middle Ages.
After the failure of scholasticism, which denotes a period in human
thought rather than a particular system of philosophy, Lord Bacon
proposed the method of material induction to bring the mind into
relations of knowledge with truth. He emphasized the study of the outward
facts, their classification and organization. In his esteem, truth was to
be reached by the consideration of actual, tangible things. Man was the
interpreter of nature, and not necessarily its interpretation.
Truth in the mind was the image of objective truth. It differed from
truth out of the mind, as the direct from the reflected ray. He failed
from lack of adequate recognition of one of the important factors in the
problem of truth. Descartes’ method was more successful, because larger
and completer recognition was taken of man.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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