[1] BY LAND AND SEA. As rivals, both Cortez and Mendoza strove to be beforehand with each other. Cortez despatched Ulloa from Acapulco, northward, July, 1539. Alarcon, sailing by Mendoza's order in 1540, goes to the head of the Gulf of California, and so finds the Colorado River, while a land force, under Coronado, marched north to act in concert with Alarcon. [2] SURVIVORS OF NARVAEZ' EXPEDITION (FLORIDA, 1528). The chief among these was Alvar Nuñez, sometimes called Cabeça de Vaca (literally cow's head), who had been treasurer to the expedition of Narvaez. [3] CIBOLA. The Zuñi country of our own day. Supposed to be derived from Cibolo, the Mexican bull, and therefore applied to the country of the bison. Cibola is on an English map of 1652 in my possession. Zuñi is thirty miles south of Fort Wingate. [4] POOR BAREFOOTED FRIAR was Marco de Niza (Mark of Nice), a friar of the Franciscan order. For a long time his story was doubted. It is, in fact, an exaggerated account of what is, clearly, a true occurrence. [5] VASQUEZ DE CORONADO. (See note 1.) [6] COLORADO (Co-lor-ah´-doe) Spanish, meaning ruddy or red. First called _Tizon_, meaning a firebrand. [7] GILA, pronounced Hee'la. [8] RIO GRANDE DEL NORTE, Spanish, Great River of the North. Usually called, simply, Rio Grande. [9] NEW BISCAY. Northernmost province of Mexico, capital Chihuahua (Shee´wah´wah). [10] BY CHRISTIANS. Cabeça de Vaca and his companions. [11] ACOMA, one of the seven cities of Cibola; forty-five miles south of old Fort Wingate. [12] IRRIGATION. Without it, it would hardly be possible to raise crops in New Mexico to-day. [13] VALLEY OF PECOS. East of, and parallel with that of the Rio Grande. [14] BISON. Cabeça de Vaca is the first to mention this animal. One is said to have been kept as a show in Montezuma's garden, where the Spaniards saw it for the first time. See note 3. [15] JUAN DE OÑATE. Hopeless confusion exists concerning the proper date of this invasion. [16] PIMERIA essentially corresponds with Arizona. It took this name from the Pimos Indians of the Gulf. [17] ARIZONA, or Arizuma, a name given by the Spaniards to denote the mineral wealth of Pimeria, where silver and gold were said to exist in virgin masses. Silver ores were, in fact, discovered by the Spaniards at an early day. Originally part of Senora (Sonora), Old Mexico. "THE MARVELLOUS COUNTRY." "_Antiquity here lives, speaks, and cries out to the traveller, Sta, viator._"—_V. Hugo, The Rhine._