SALT-LAKE CITY AND TABERNACLE 265 SUTTER'S MILL 272 TWO MINERS 274 THE GOLDEN GATE 276 CHINESE LAUNDRYMAN 277 A FATHER 280 MOUNT SHASTA 281 ON THE OREGON TRAIL 282 SAN FRANCISCO IN 1849 283 EARLY COIN 284 HYDRAULIC MINING 286 CHICKEN-VENDER 287 MISSION SAN XAVIER DEL BAC, NEAR TUCSON 289 STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS 291 A SQUATTER'S IMPROVEMENTS 296 STREET, KANSAS CITY, 1857 297 LAWRENCE, KANSAS 298 THE FERRY, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 300 A SQUATTER MOVING HIS CLAIM 301 MUD FORT, LAWRENCE 303 JOHN BROWN 304 JOHN BROWN'S CABIN 305 GATE, GARDEN OF THE GODS 309 HUMORS OF THE ROAD 310 DENVER IN 1859 311 OVERLAND STAGE—IN CAMP 311 GOING IN 312 COMING OUT 312 OFFICE OF "ROCKY-MOUNTAIN NEWS," DENVER 312 COLORADO CITY, 1859 313 QUARTZ STAMPING-MILL 314 QUAKER GUN AT STAGE STATION 315 PONY EXPRESS AND OVERLAND STAGE 317 TRACK-LAYING, PACIFIC RAILROAD 319 REAPING-MACHINE 327 GROUP I. THREE RIVAL CIVILIZATIONS. "_True History, henceforth charged with the education of the People, will study the successive movements of humanity._"—VICTOR HUGO. I. THE SPANIARDS. AN HISTORIC ERA. "_And from America the golden fleece_ _That yearly stuffs old Philip's treasury._" _Marlowe's Faustus._ The story we have to tell was the problem of the sixteenth century, and is no less the marvel of the nineteenth. Put in the simplest possible form, the riddle to be solved in every palace of Christendom was, "How is the discovery of a new world going to affect mankind?" [Illustration: SPANISH ARMS.] To make the whole story clear, from beginning to end, calls for an effort to first put ourselves in relation with that remote time,—its thought, its interests, its aims and civilization. Let us try to do this now, at this time, when from our standpoint of achieved success we may calmly look back over the field, and see clearly the causes which have led up to it in orderly succession.