The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe — John Shaqi
The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in EuropeWashington, Booker T.
History
The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe
Washington, Booker T.
Poor -- Europe; Working class -- Europe
After reading this item I began studying the papers more closely, and I
was surprised at the frequency with which items of this kind occurred.
I learned that the Local Government Board, which is represented in the
English Cabinet by Mr. John Burns, has issued since 1871 an annual
report, or return, as it is called, of the cases in which, upon formal
investigation by a coroner's jury, it appears that the persons came to
their death in London as a result of starvation. I obtained a copy of
the return for 1908, in which are included the statistics on starvation
not merely for London but for the rest of England and Wales.
The forms issued to coroners were explicit. They provided that the
return should include only cases in which the jury found that death was
brought about by starvation or privation due to destitution. Cases in
which death was caused by cold, starvation, exposure, etc., unconnected
with destitution, were not entered in this return. Of the one hundred
and twenty-five cases of starvation reported, fifty-two occurred in
London. In eleven cases death was described as due to starvation in
conjunction with some other cause--that is to say, disease, drink,
exposure, or self-neglect. In eighty of the one hundred and twenty-five
cases no application was made for poor relief, or application was made
only when the deceased had been in a dying condition.
A few days after I had succeeded in getting this report my attention
was attracted one morning by the heading of a newspaper article: "How
the Poor Die." The article was an account of the finding of the body of
an unknown woman in a cellar in the basement of a house not very far
from where I was stopping.
"It appears," the article said, "that during the earlier part of the
morning a tenant of the building observed a woman sleeping in the
cellar, but no particular notice was taken of this because of the
fact that strangers frequently utilized the cellar for such purposes.
Mr. Oliver, one of the occupants of the building, had occasion to go
downstairs, and saw the woman. She was crouched in a corner and her
head was lying back. The police were called in and the services of
Doctor Barton were requisitioned.... Although the cause of death will
not be known until a post-mortem examination of the body has been made,
death, it is thought, was due to starvation. The woman was about six
feet in height, between forty and fifty years of age, and was in a very
emaciated condition and clad in very scanty attire."
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