Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular, the outer pistillate and very slender, the central perfect. Scales of the involucre dry and scarious, white or colored, imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes terete or flattish; pappus a single row of capillary rough bristles.--Woolly herbs, with sessile or decurrent leaves, and clustered or corymbed heads; fl. in summer and autumn. Corolla whitish or yellowish. (Name from γνάφαλον, _a lock of wool_, in allusion to the floccose down.) § 1. GNAPHALIUM proper. _Bristles of the pappus distinct._ 1. G. polycéphalum, Michx. (COMMON EVERLASTING.) Erect, woolly annual (1--3° high), fragrant; _leaves lanceolate, tapering at the base_, with undulate margins, _not decurrent_, smoothish above; _heads clustered at the summit of the panicled-corymbose branches_, ovate-conical before expansion, then obovate; scales (whitish) ovate and oblong, rather obtuse; perfect flowers few.--Old fields and woods; common. 2. G. decúrrens, Ives. (EVERLASTING.) Stout, erect (2° high), annual or biennial, branched at the top, clammy-pubescent, white-woolly on the branches, bearing numerous _heads in dense corymbed clusters; leaves linear-lanceolate, partly clasping, decurrent_; scales yellowish-white, oval, acutish.--Hillsides, N. J. and Penn. to Maine, Mich., Minn., and northward. 3. G. uliginòsum, L. (LOW CUDWEED.) _Diffusely branched_, appressed-woolly annual (3--6´ high); leaves spatulate-oblanceolate or linear, not decurrent; _heads (small) in terminal sessile capitate clusters_ subtended by leaves; scales brownish, less imbricated.--Low grounds; common, especially east and northward; perhaps introduced. (Eu.) 4. G. supìnum, Villars. (MOUNTAIN CUDWEED.) Dwarf and tufted perennial (2´ high); leaves linear, woolly; heads solitary or few and spiked on the slender simple flowering stems; scales brown, lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous; achenes broader and flatter.--Alpine summit of Mount Washington; very rare. (Eu.) § 2. GAMOCHÆ̀TA. _Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a ring, so falling off all together._ 5. G. purpùreum, L. (PURPLISH CUDWEED.) Annual, simple or branched from the base, ascending (6--20´ high), silvery-canescent with dense white wool; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, not decurrent, green above; _heads_ in sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like summit of the stem; scales tawny, the inner often marked with purple.--Sandy or gravelly soil, coast of Maine to Va., and southward. 34. ADENOCAÙLON, Hook.