1. R. laciniàta, L. Stem smooth, branching (2--7° high); leaves smooth or roughish, the lowest pinnate, with 5--7 cut or 3-lobed leaflets; upper leaves irregularly 3--5-parted, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, pointed, or the uppermost undivided; heads long-peduncled; disk at first globular or hemispherical; chaff truncate, downy at the tip; rays oblanceolate (1--2´ long), drooping.--Low thickets; common. July--Sept.--Var. HÙMILIS, Gray, low and glabrous, some of the radical leaves undivided or with roundish divisions; heads smaller (½´ high) and ray shorter. Mountains of Va. and southward. [*][*] _Disk hemispherical to oblong-ovoid in fruit, dark purple or brown._ [+] _Lower leaves 3-lobed or parted._ 2. R. tríloba, L. Hairy, biennial, much branched (2--5° high), the branches slender and spreading; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, the lower 3-lobed, tapering at the base, coarsely-serrate (those from the root pinnately parted or undivided); rays 8, oval or oblong; chaff of the black-purple depressed-globular disk smooth, awned.--Dry soil, Penn. to Mich., Mo., and southward. Aug.--Heads small, but numerous and showy. 3. R. subtomentòsa, Pursh. Stem branching above (3--4° high), downy, as well as the petiolate ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrate leaves beneath; heads short-peduncled; disk globular, dull brown; receptacle sweet-scented; chaff downy at the blunt apex.--Prairies, Wisc., Ill., Mo., and southward. [+][+] _Leaves undivided, rarely laciniately toothed._ 4. R. hírta, L. _Biennial_, very rough and bristly-hairy throughout; stems simple or branched near the base, stout (1--2° high), naked above, bearing single large heads; _leaves nearly entire; the upper oblong or lanceolate, sessile_; the lower spatulate, triple-nerved, petioled; rays (about 14) more or less exceeding the involucre; _chaff of the dull brown disk hairy at the tip_, acutish.--Dry soil, western N. Y. to Wisc., and southward. Now common as a weed in eastern meadows, introduced with clover-seed from the West. June--Aug. 5. R. fúlgida, Ait. Hairy, the branches naked at the summit and bearing single heads; _leaves spatulate-oblong_ or lanceolate, _partly clasping, triple-nerved, the upper entire, mostly obtuse_; rays about 12, equalling or exceeding the ample involucre; _chaff of the dark purple disk nearly smooth_ and blunt.--Dry soil, N. J. and Penn. to Ky., Mo., and southward.--Variable, 1--3° high; the rays orange-yellow. 6. R. spathulàta, Michx. Pubescence short and appressed; slender, 8´--3° high; leaves obovate or spatulate or the upper ovate to lanceolate, sometimes all lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear, denticulate; heads long-peduncled, smaller than in the preceding, the rays fewer and broader.--Pine woods, Va. to Tenn., and southward.