Head many-flowered; ray-flowers in several rows, narrowly ligulate, pistillate, fertile; disk-flowers with undivided style, sterile. Involucre nearly simple. Receptacle flat. Achenes cylindrical-oblong; pappus copious, soft and capillary.--A low perennial, with horizontal creeping rootstocks, sending up simple scaly scapes in early spring, bearing a single head, and producing rounded-heart-shaped angled or toothed leaves later in the season, woolly when young. Flowers yellow. (Name from _tussis_, a cough, for which the plant is a reputed remedy.) T. FÁRFARA, L.--Wet places, and along brooks, N. Eng., N. Y., and Penn.; thoroughly wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 73. PETASÌTES, Tourn. SWEET COLTSFOOT. Heads many-flowered, somewhat diœcious; in the substerile plant with a single row of ligulate pistillate ray-flowers, and many tubular sterile ones in the disk; in the fertile plant wholly or chiefly of pistillate flowers, tubular or distinctly ligulate. Otherwise as Tussilago.--Perennial woolly herbs, with the leaves all from the rootstock, white-woolly beneath, the scape with sheathing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitish fragrant flowers, in a corymb. (The Greek name for the coltsfoot, from πέτασος, a broad-brimmed hat, on account of its large leaves.) [*] _Pistillate flowers ligulate; flowers whitish._ 1. P. palmàta, Gray. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, palmately and deeply 5--7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. (Nardosmia palmata, _Hook._)--Swamps, Maine and Mass. to Mich., Minn., and northwestward; rare. April, May.--Full-grown leaves 6--10´ broad. 2. P. sagittàta, Gray. Leaves deltoid-oblong to reniform-hastate, acute or obtuse, repand-dentate.--N. Minn. and westward. [*][*] _Ligules none; flowers purplish._ P. VULGÀRIS, Desf. Rootstock very stout; leaves round-cordate, angulate-dentate and denticulate.--About Philadelphia. (Nat. from Eu.) 74. ÁRNICA, L. Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays pistillate. Scales of the bell-shaped involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate. Achenes slender or spindle-shaped; pappus a single row of rather rigid and strongly roughened-denticulate bristles.--Perennial herbs, chiefly of mountains and cold northern regions, with simple stems, bearing single or corymbed large heads and opposite leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name thought to be a corruption of _Ptarmica_.) 1. A. Chamissònis, Less. Soft-hairy; _stem leafy_ (1--2° high), bearing 1 to 5 heads; _leaves thin, veiny_, smoothish when old, toothed; the upper _ovate-lanceolate_, closely sessile, the lower narrower, tapering to a margined petiole; scales pointed; pappus almost plumose. (A. mollis, _Hook_.)--N. Maine, mountains of N. H. and northern N. Y., shores of L. Superior, and westward. July.