2. A. nudicaùlis, Nutt. Hairy and rather glandular (1--3° high); _leaves thickish, 3--5-nerved, ovate or oblong_, all sessile, mostly entire and near the root, the _cauline small_ and only one or two pairs; heads several, corymbed, showy.--Damp pine barrens, S. Penn. and southward. April, May. 75. SENÈCIO, Tourn. GROUNDSEL. Heads many-flowered; rays pistillate, or none; involucre cylindrical to bell-shaped, simple or with a few bractlets at the base, the scales erect-connivent. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus of numerous very soft and slender capillary bristles.--Herbs, in the United States, with alternate leaves and solitary or corymbed heads. Flowers chiefly yellow. (Name from _senex_, an old man, alluding to the hoariness of many species, or to the white hairs of the pappus.) [*] _Root annual or in n. 3 biennial; heads several or many in a corymb; herbage glabrous or soon becoming so._ [+] _Rays none or minute._ S. VULGÀRIS, L. (COMMON GROUNDSEL.) Low, corymbosely branched, glabrate; leaves pinnatifid and toothed; clasping tips of involucral scales blackish; rays none.--Waste grounds. July--Sept. (Adv. from Eu.) S. VISCÒSUS, L. Coarser, viscid-pubescent and strong-scented; leaves 2-pinnatifid; scales not black-tipped; rays minute.--Waste grounds, coast of N. Eng. (Nat. from Eu.) [+][+] _Heads conspicuously radiate._ 1. S. lobàtus, Pers. (BUTTER-WEED.) Rather tall; leaves somewhat fleshy, _lyrate or pinnate_, the divisions or leaflets crenate or cut-lobed, variable; heads small in a naked corymb; _rays 6--12, conspicuous_.--Wet grounds, N. Car. to S. Ill., Mo., and southward. April--July. 2. S. palústris, Hook. Annual or biennial, loosely woolly or glabrate; stem stout, 6´--2° high; _leaves_ oblong-lanceolate, _irregularly toothed or laciniate_, the upper with a heart-shaped clasping base; _rays 20 or more_, short, pale yellow; pappus copious and becoming very long.--Wet ground, Iowa to N. Wisc., Minn., and northward. June. (Eu.) [*][*] _Root perennial; heads small or middle-sized, in a naked corymb._ 3. S. aùreus, L. (GOLDEN RAGWORT. SQUAW-WEED.) _Smooth, or floccose-woolly when young_ (1--3° high); leaves thin, the radical _simple and rounded_, the larger ones mostly heart-shaped, crenate-toothed, _long-petioled_; _lower stem-leaves lyrate_; upper ones lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid, sessile or partly clasping; corymb umbel-like; rays 8--12.--Common everywhere. May, June. Varies greatly. Var. obovàtus, Torr. & Gray. Root-leaves thicker, round-obovate with a cuneate or truncate base, or the earliest almost sessile in rosulate tufts. (S. Elliottii, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Open grounds, Can. to Ind. and Ga. Var. Balsámitæ, Torr. & Gray. Less glabrate; root-leaves oblong, spatulate, or lanceolate, narrowed to the petiole, serrate, the upper lyrate-pinnatifid; heads rather small and numerous.--Common.