3. C. atriplicifòlia, L. (PALE INDIAN P.) Glaucous; stem terete (3--6° high); leaves _palmately veined and angulate-lobed_, the lower triangular-kidney-form or slightly heart-shaped, the upper rhomboid or wedge-form, _toothed_.--Rich woodlands, western N. Y. to Wisc., Minn., and southward. Aug. 4. C. tuberòsa, Nutt. (TUBEROUS INDIAN P.) Stem angled and grooved (2--6° high), from a thick or tuberous root; _leaves green both sides_, thick, strongly _5--7-nerved_; the lower _lance-ovate or oval_, nearly entire, tapering into long petioles; the upper on short margined petioles, sometimes toothed at the apex.--Wet prairies, etc., Ohio to Wisc., Minn., and southward. June. 77. ERECHTÌTES, Raf. FIREWEED. Heads many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and fertile; the marginal pistillate, with a slender corolla. Scales of the cylindrical involucre in a single row, linear, acute, with a few small bractlets at the base. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong, tapering at the end; pappus copious, of very fine and white soft hairs.--Erect and coarse annuals, of rank smell, with alternate simple leaves, and paniculate-corymbed heads of whitish flowers. (The ancient name of some species of Groundsel, probably called after _Erechtheus_.) 1. E. hieracifòlia, Raf. (FIREWEED.) Often hairy; stem grooved (1--6° high); leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute, cut-toothed, sessile, the upper auricled at base.--Moist woods; common, especially northward, and in recent clearings that have been burned over; whence the popular name. July--Sept. 78. ÁRCTIUM, L. BURDOCK. Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular, perfect and similar. Involucre globular; the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at base, attenuate to long stiff points with hooked tips. Receptacle bristly. Achenes oblong, flattened, wrinkled transversely; pappus short, of numerous rough bristles, separate and deciduous.--Coarse biennial weeds, with large unarmed and petioled leaves, and small solitary or clustered heads; flowers purple, rarely white. (Name probably from ἄρκτος, _a bear_, from the rough involucre.) A. LÁPPA, L. Stout, 1--3° high; leaves roundish or ovate and mostly cordate, or lanceolate with cuneate base, smooth above, somewhat floccose-tomentose beneath, mostly sinuate-denticulate. (Lappa officinalis, _All._)--The several reputed species of the genus are scarcely distinguishable even as varieties. Var. MÌNUS, has rather small ovoid subracemose heads (about 8´´ broad), on short peduncles, glabrous or somewhat cottony, the inner scales somewhat purplish-tipped, equalling the flowers; leaves occasionally cut-toothed. By roadsides; very common.--Var. MÀJUS, with broader (1´) green and glabrous subcorymbose rather long-pedunculate heads. Less frequent.--Var. TOMENTÒSUM, a form of the last with more spherical webbed heads, with purplish scales shorter than the flowers. Rare.--July--Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 79. CNÌCUS, Tourn. COMMON or PLUMED THISTLE.