1. Ranunculaceæ (p. 34). Sepals (3 or more), petals (as many, in regular flowers, or none), stamens (usually many), and carpels (1--many) all distinct. Fruit achenes, follicles, or berries. Mostly herbs. 2. Magnoliaceæ (p. 49). Sepals and petals colored alike, in three or more rows of three, imbricate. Fruit cone-like, formed of the numerous cohering pistils. Trees. 3. Anonaceæ (p. 50). Sepals (3) and petals (6, in two rows) valvate. Fruit pulpy. Shrubs or small trees. 4. Menispermaceæ (p. 51). Sepals and petals in twos or threes, imbricate. Pistils becoming 1-seeded drupes. Diœcious woody climbers, with palmate or peltate leaves. 5. Berberidaceæ (p. 52). Sepals and petals imbricate, each in two rows of three (rarely in twos or fours). Stamens opposite the petals. Pistil solitary, becoming a berry or pod. Shrubs or low herbs. 6. Nymphæaceæ, in part (p. 54). Sepals and petals each 3, or many in several rows. Pistils becoming coriaceous and indehiscent. Aquatics; floating leaves peltate. [*] 2. Carpels (2 or more) united into a compound ovary with parietal, often nerve-like placentæ (or the seeds covering the inner surface in Nymphæaceæ, and the placentæ axile in Sarraceniaceæ). Herbs (some Cistaceæ somewhat shrubby). [+] Fruit 5--many-celled; calyx or whole perianth persistent; embryo small, at the base of fleshy albumen. 6. Nymphæaceæ proper (p. 54). Sepals 2--6. Petals and stamens numerous, on a thick hypogynous receptacle or inserted upon the ovary. Capsule 8--30-celled. Aquatics, with peltate or cordate leaves. 7. Sarraceniaceæ (p. 57). Sepals and petals 5. Capsule 5-celled. Marsh plants, with pitcher-shaped leaves. [+][+] Fruit 1-celled, or spuriously 2--more-celled by partitions connecting the placentæ. [++] Embryo minute at the base of fleshy albumen; perianth deciduous; sepals 2. 8. Papaveraceæ (p. 57.) Flowers regular. Sepals fugacious. Petals 4--12. Stamens and seeds numerous. Capsule 2--several-valved. Juice milky or colored. 9. Fumariaceæ (p. 59.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4, in dissimilar pairs. Stamens 6, diadelphous. Fruit 2-valved (indehiscent and 1-seeded in Fumaria). Juice watery; leaves dissected. [++][++] Albumen none; embryo curved or folded; perianth deciduous (sepals persistent in Resedaceæ). 10. Cruciferæ (p. 61). Sepals and petals 4. Stamens mostly 6, tetradynamous (two inserted lower and shorter). Pod 2-celled by a transverse partition, 2-valved, or sometimes indehiscent or transversely jointed. Bracts and stipules none. 11. Capparidaceæ (p. 74). Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 6 or more, nearly equal. Pod 1-celled, 2-valved. Embryo coiled. Leaves often palmately divided; bracts and stipules often present. 12. Resedaceæ (p. 75). Sepals and petals 4--7, irregular. Stamens indefinite on an hypogynous disk, not covered in the bud. Pod 1-celled, 3--6-lobed, opening at the top. [++][++][++] Embryo rather large in fleshy albumen; placentæ on the middle of the valves; calyx persistent.