Pod broadly linear or oblong, flat; the valves nerveless, but minutely reticulate-veined. Seeds in a single row in each cell, flat, surrounded by a thick wing. Embryo straight! or the short radicle only slightly bent in the direction which if continued would make the orbicular cotyledons accumbent.--Little winter annuals, glabrous and often stemless, with lyrate leaves and short 1--few-flowered scape-like peduncles. (Named in honor of the late _M. C. Leavenworth_.) 1. L. Michaùxii, Torr. Scapes 2--6´ high; leaf-lobes usually numerous (7--15); petals purplish or nearly white with a yellowish base, obtuse; pods not torulose, oblong to linear (6--15´´ long); style short.--S. Ind to Tenn. and Mo. 2. L. torulòsa, Gray. Similar, but pods torulose even when young, linear; style 1--2´´ long; seeds acutely margined rather than winged; petals emarginate.--Barrens of Ky. and Tenn. 3. DENTÀRIA, Tourn. TOOTHWORT. PEPPER-ROOT. Pod lanceolate, flat, as in Cardamine. Style elongated. Seeds in one row, wingless, the stalks broad and flat. Cotyledons petioled, thick and very unequal, their margins somewhat infolding each other.--Perennials, of damp woodlands, with long, horizontal, fleshy, sometimes interrupted, scaly or toothed rootstocks, of a pleasant pungent taste; the simple stems leafless below, bearing 2 or 3 petioled compound leaves about or above the middle, and terminated by a single corymb or short raceme of large white or purple flowers. Flowers larger, pods broader, and seeds larger than is usual in Cardamine. (Name from _dens_, a tooth.) [*] _Rootstock elongated; leaves 3-foliolate._ 1. D. diphýlla, L. Rootstock long and continuous, often branched, toothed; stem-leaves 2, similar to the radical ones, close together; leaflets rhombic-ovate or oblong-ovate, shortly petiolate, coarsely crenate, the teeth abruptly acute; petals white.--Rich woods, Maine to Minn. and Ky. May.--Rootstocks 5--10´ long, crisp, tasting like Water-Cress. [*][*] _Rootstock tuberous, more or less moniliform; leaves 3-foliolate or 3-parted._ 2. D. laciniàta, Muhl. Tubers deep-seated, usually not jointed nor prominently tubercled; root-leaves often none; stem-leaves 3-parted, the lateral segments often 2-lobed, all broadly oblong to linear, more or less gash-toothed; flowers white or rose-color.--N. Eng. to Minn., Kan., and southward. April, May.--Var. MULTÍFIDA, a slender form with the narrowly linear segments usually more or less divided into linear lobes. (D. multifida, _Muhl._) Southward, scarcely if at all within our limits. 3. D. heterophýlla, Nutt. Tubers near the surface, jointed, narrowly oblong or thick-clavate, prominently tubercled; leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets distinctly petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to linear, entire to rather deeply crenate, rarely laciniate or lobed; root-leaves with ovate or lanceolate and usually lobed leaflets.--Penn. to Ky. and southward. Blooming a little later than the last.