4. D. máxima, Nutt. Tubers jointed, strongly tubercled; stem-leaves usually alternate, 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, coarsely toothed and somewhat cleft or lobed.--Vt. to western N. Y. and Penn. May. 4. CARDAMÌNE, Tourn. BITTER CRESS. Pod linear, flattened, usually opening elastically from the base; the valves nerveless and veinless, or nearly so; placentas and partition thick. Seeds in a single row in each cell, wingless; their stalks slender. Cotyledons accumbent, flattened, equal or nearly so, petiolate.--Mostly glabrous perennials, leafy-stemmed, growing along watercourses and in wet places. Flowers white or purple. (A Greek name, in Dioscorides, for some cress, from its cordial or cardiacal qualities.) [*] _Root perennial; leaves simple._ 1. C. rhomboídea, DC. (SPRING CRESS.) _Stems upright from a tuberous base and slender rootstock bearing small tubers, simple_; root-leaves round and often heart-shaped; lower stem-leaves ovate or rhombic-oblong, somewhat petioled, the upper almost lanceolate, sessile, all often sparingly toothed; pods linear-lanceolate, pointed with a slender style tipped with a conspicuous stigma; _seeds round-oval_.--Wet meadows and springs; common. April--June.--Flowers large, white. Var. purpùrea, Torr. Lower (4--6´ high), and usually slightly pubescent; flowers rose-purple, appearing earlier.--Along streams in rich soil. Western N. Y. to Md. and Wisc. 2. C. rotundifòlia, Michx. (MOUNTAIN WATER-CRESS.) _Stems branching, weak or decumbent, making long runners; root fibrous_; leaves all much alike, roundish, somewhat angled, often heart-shaped at the base, petioled; pods small, linear-awl-shaped, pointed with the slender style; stigma minute; _seeds oval-oblong_.--Cool shaded springs, N. J. (Middletown, _Willis_) to Ky., and southward along the mountains. May, June.--Flowers white, smaller than in n. 1. 3. C. bellidifòlia, L. _Dwarf_ (2--3´ high), alpine, tufted; leaves ovate, entire, or sometimes with a blunt lateral tooth (4´´ long), on long petioles; pods 1´ long, upright, linear; _style nearly none_, stout.--Summits of the White Mountains and Katahdin, Maine. July.--Flowers 1--5, white. (Eu.) [*][*] _Root perennial; leaves pinnate; flowers showy._ 4. C. praténsis, L. (CUCKOO FLOWER.) Stem ascending from a short rootstock, simple; leaflets 7--13, those of the lower leaves rounded and stalked, of the upper oblong or linear, entire, or slightly angled-toothed; petals (white or rose-color) thrice the length of the calyx; pod 9--15´´ long, 1´´ broad; style short.--Wet places and bogs, Vt. to N. J., Wisc., and northward; rare. May. (Eu.) [*][*][*] _Root mostly biennial or annual; leaves pinnate; flowers small, white._