8. 3 parts Ariba 1 part Trinidad 1 part Surinam 1 part Caracas 9. 1 part Machala 1 part St. Thomas Ceylon cacaos are not used so much as mixing varieties, but almost exclusively as covering agents, to make other cacaos lighter coloured (sometimes almost approaching yellow). The beans are weighed off in these proportions on a sensitive scale, and then passed on to be ground and triturated into cacao paste. II. Production of the Cacao Mass. 5. ~Fine grinding and trituration.~ Formerly the roasted, crushed, and decorticated beans were frequently ground before being transferred to the “Melangeur”,—a machine that will be described later—, in which they were then reduced to a finer state of sub-division and lastly mixed with sugar. For this grinding, mills of various construction were employed (as Weldon, Pintus etc.). But as time rolled on the Melangeur took the place of these preliminary grinding mills, and in this it was endeavoured to effect that fine division of the cacao mass which is essential to the production of a homogeneous cacao and sugar intermixture, but without complete success. Cylinder rolling machines (French method) were the first to attain this result. At the present time, the roasted and cleansed kernels are ground so fine as to become a semi-liquid when subjected to heat, and that is done whatever the ultimate destiny of the cacao, whether it be intended for chocolate or cocoa powder. This object is obtained by means of special mills, constructed with “Over-runners [Illustration: Fig. 23.] [Illustration: Fig. 24 a.] These cacao mills, which were formerly but seldom met with in chocolate factories, have now become indispensable necessaries, since they have the advantage: 1. of rendering the cacao mass in this semi-glucose form more easily miscible with sugar, a factor of the highest importance for the commoner and cheaper qualities of chocolate; 2. of grinding the cacao as fine as possible in one operation and the simplest manner. [Illustration: Fig. 24 b.] [Illustration: Fig. 24 c.] But side by side with the appreciation which these mills met with, there arose a corresponding increase in the demands made on them, such as the utmost nicety, greatest possible output, and least possible necessity of after-heating, and these have been successively answered by twin, triple and at the present time even quadruple mills. fig. 23 shows a simple grinding mill which can only come into consideration in connection with the smallest of branches, whilst Fig. 24 a and b illustrates another with three successive stones arranged one above the other, such as will be found in all the larger factories of to-day. Also a triple mill but with grindstones of increasing size pictured in fig. 24 c. A mill possessing four pairs of grinding stones is given in fig. 25, and is calculated to meet each and every conceivable demand.