~Naphtholyellow~ = Sodium salt of dinitro-α-naphthol sulphonic acid, soluble in water. =Violet=: ~Methylviolet~ = Hexa-and penta-methylpara-rosaniline hydrochloride, soluble in water and alcohol. =Green=: ~Malachite green~ = Tetramethyl-diamidotriphenyl-carbinol hydrochloride, soluble in water and alcohol. The above, as well as the following colours: (blue) amaranth, brilliant blue and indigosulfone, (red) erythrosin, also acid yellow S, orange L and light green S F, have in the meantime been accepted by the American Foods Act as perfectly harmless for colouring any and all articles of food.[161] For some time past E. Merck of Darmstadt has supplied a perfectly harmless green colouring material under the name of chlorophyll, in alcoholic and in water solutions, as well as technical chlorophyll, for colouring oils and fats, which is the unaltered leaf green and is the best green colouring agent for articles of food and therefore for cacao preparations. The chlorophyll which is soluble in fat has also been recommended like some of the aniline colours which are soluble in fat, as for example: Indulin 6 B (blue), Sudan yellow G, Sudan III (red), and Gallocyanin (violet) for colouring cacao butter; but in regard at least to the aniline colours mentioned, no authoritative sanction for their use has yet been given. FOOTNOTES: [136] Flour can be more easily blended than starch with the cacao mass, as the granules of starch are only with difficulty crushed. [137] Recently in some inferior kinds of cocoa powder a quantity of oatmeal has often been added (up to 5 percent), causing the preparation to thicken when it is boiled with water. [138] Still better, as less productive of dust, there being a less rapid circulation of air, and also not so wasteful, are the dismembrators as built by Paul Franke & Co. [139] Chemiker-Zeitung 1899. Repert. No. 38, p. 372. [140] Chemiker-Zeitung 1889, p. 408. [141] Beckurts Annual Report of Pharmaceutical Progress etc. 1888, p. 307. [142] See Möller p. 114. [143] Die Nahrungs-und Genußmittel aus dem Pflanzenreiche p. 140. [144] This consists of 15 parts of defatted cacao, 200 parts of arrowroot 50 parts of salep and fifty parts of vanilla-sugar. [145] Krupps Iron Works supply the latest constructions, strongly to be recommended. [146] Arbeiten des kaiserl. Gesundheitsamtes Vol. 15 p. 1-113 and Zeits. f. d. Untersuch. von Nahrungs-und Genußmitteln Vol. 3 21.-25. January. [147] Der Tropenpflanzer 1898, p. 24. [148] Journal of the Society of Arts 1897, Vol. 46, p. 39-40. [149] Compare Gieseler, Vanillevergiftungen, Bonn 1896; Arning (Deutsch. med. Wochenschrift 1897, pag. 435) and Guerin (Annales d’occulistique, 1895 4. October). [150] Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte 1899. [151] Journal of the American Chem. Society 1899, Vol. 21, p. 719 and Chem. Ztg. Rep. 1899, p. 275.