The Sumatra benzoin is the most important of the commercial kinds for chocolate making. It is obtained from one of the Styracae, Styrax benzoin, and is a reddish grey mass in which separate tiers of resin are embedded. Benzoic acid and vanillin are the most important constituents. It is adulterated with Palembang benzoin, colophony, dammer, storax, and turpentine. Respecting the chemical investigation of commercial benzoin the above-mentioned work of K. Dieterich may also be referred to. Benzoin is almost exclusively used for the preparation of chocolate varnish and sweets laquer, which are prepared by dissolving from 25 to 45 grammes of the laquer body in 100 grammes of strong spirit. The laquer body may contain varying quantities of benzoin and bleached shellac. The decorations of chocolate are painted with this laquer in order to give them a glistening appearance and greater durability. V. Colouring materials. The following colouring materials are permitted by the German law of the 14th May 1879 to be used for sugar goods and consequently also for chocolate and cacao preparations. ~White~: finest flour starch. ~Yellow~: saffron, safflower, turmeric. ~Blue~: litmus, indigo solution. ~Green~: spinach juice as well as mixtures of the permitted blue and yellow colours. ~Red~: carmine, cochineal, madder red. ~Violet~: mixtures of the harmless blue and red colours. ~Brown~: burnt sugar, licorice juice. ~Black~: chinese ink. In the meantime a number of comparatively harmless aniline colours have been permitted in Austria for colouring sugar goods and liqueurs, and eventually also for cacao preparations.[160] As in the author’s opinion there is no ground for objecting to their use in other countries, a list of them is given under their commercial and scientific designations. =Red=: ~Fuchsin~ = Rosaniline hydrochloride, soluble in water and alcohol. ~Acid Fuchsin~ or ~Fuchsin S~ or Rubin = Sodium or calcium acid salt of rosaniline disulphonic acid, soluble in water. ~Rocellin~ or ~Roscellin~ (Fast Red) = Sulpho oxyazonaphtalin, soluble in water. ~Bordeaux~ and ~Ponceau red~ = product of the combination of β naphtol-disulphonic acid with diazo-compounds of Xylol and higher homologues of benzol, soluble in water. ~Eosin~ = Tetrabrom-fluoresceïn, soluble in water and alcohol. ~Phloxin~ = Tetrabromo-dichlor-fluoresceïn, soluble in water. ~Erythrosin~ = Tetra iodio-fluoresceïn, soluble in water. =Blue=: ~Alizarin blue~ = Dioxyanthraquinone-quinoline, slightly soluble in alcohol. ~Aniline blue~ = Triplienylrosaniline, soluble in alcohol. ~Water blue~ = Triphenylrosaniline, sulphonic acid soluble in water. ~Induline~ = Azodiphenyl blue sulphonic acid and its derivatives, soluble in alcohol. =Yellow=: ~Acid yellow R~ or ~fast yellow R~ = Sodium amidoazobenzol-sulphonate, soluble in water. ~Tropaedlin~ 000 or ~Orange~ I = Sulphoazobenzoll [Greek: alpha]-naphthol, soluble in water.