Adulteration within the meaning of the law dated May 14th 1879, § 10 (Reichsgesetzblatt, page 145) comprises: 1. The addition of foreign fat to chocolate, cacao mass or cacao butter. 2. The addition to chocolate, cacao material or cocoa powder of cacao husk, meal or other substances, except in the cases mentioned on page 279, § 2, pos. 1 and 2.[234] 3. The addition of colouring materials to chocolate. 4. The addition to chocolate or chocolate surrogates of any but cane sugars (beetroot sugar). § 4. As already pointed out, the terms of this proposed legislative step naturally command approval and we should be the first to welcome the appearance of a “Deutsches Lebensmittelbuch” or some similar work[235], intended to serve as an authoritative regulation of the trade in cacao preparations and as a protection of honest manufacturers against the uncertainty now attending legal proceedings. In that case, other civilised countries might be expected to follow. FOOTNOTES: [162] Ztschr. öffentl. Ch. 1900, page 324, 325. [163] Ztschr. öffentl. Ch. 1900, p. 478. [164] Journ. de Pharm. et Chim. 1898, Vol. 2, page 7. [165] See also Farnsteiner Z. U. N. & G., vol. 23 (1907), page 308. [166] See Farnsteiner’s method, Z.U.N. & G., Vol. 13 (1907), page 308. [167] 6th. edition, 2nd vol., page 644. [168] Compare: Froehner & Lührig, Z.U.N. & G. IX (1903), p. 257 and Lührig ibid. IX p. 263. [169] cf. the methods of Farnsteiner Z.U.N. & G. XIII, 1907 p. 308. [170] cf. also Farnsteiner Z.U.N. & G. XVI 1908, p. 642 yet according to information from Dr. Böhme from the laboratory of Stollwerk Bros, bluing from red or violet litmus paper should also take place in the case of cacao prepared with potash, and on the contrary the Kurkuma brown not result. [171] Ztschr. für öffentl. Chemie 1900, page 304. [172] Ztschr. für öffentl. Chemie 1900, page 481. [173] Ibid. 1900, pages 86 et seq. [174] Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserl. Gesundh.-Amt 1904, page 20. [175] Ztschr. f. öffentl. Chemie 1907, page 308. [176] Forschungsberichte über Lebensmittel etc. 1896, III page 275, also Beckurt’s Jahresbericht der Pharmazie 1896, page 746. [177] Ztschr. f. anal. Ch. vol. 3, page 233. [178] Ztschr. f. anal. Ch., vol. 19, page 246. [179] Journal of Society for Chem. Research 1899, page 556. [180] The solubility of caffeine in carbon tetrachloride is said by Eminger to be 1:100, but Scherr maintains that a much larger quantity is required. [181] Merck’s Catalogue of Reacting Agents (2^{nd}. Edition, page 88) gives a convenient method of determining the presence of theobromine and caffeine (Gerard’s reaction). We annex an extract. ~Gerard’s Reaction on Theobromine.~ A mixture of 0·05 g of theobromine, 3 ccm of water and ccm of soda wash is decomposed with 1 ccm of a silver nitrate solution 10 percent strong, heated to 60 C. and the solution so obtained cooled down. It then gelatinises very perceptibly. Caffeine does not give this reaction.