The Manufacture of Chocolate and other Cacao PreparationsZipperer, Paul
Science
The Manufacture of Chocolate and other Cacao Preparations
Zipperer, Paul
Cacao; Chocolate; Cocoa
The investigations of Dragendorff and others have shown that the
value of various stimulants like tobacco, coffee and tea, does not
entirely depend on the amount of alkaloid or diureide but partly also
on the joint action of all the constituents of those articles, and it
is particularly the aromatic bodies which determine their commercial
value. Various kinds of coffee, for example, of inferior commercial
value contain considerably more caffeine than the costly Mocca beans.
The highly prized Havana tobacco ranges lower than the Sumatra kinds in
nicotine content, and the same conclusion with regard to cacao would
probably be correct. In support of this view, attention may be directed
to the following analyses performed by Wolfram.[67]
Percentage of theobromine at 100° C.
================================+========================================
Description | % Theobromine %
================================+========+=========+=============+=======
Caracas | | 1·63 | | 1·11
Guayaquil (of considerably less | | | |
value than the first) | In the | 1·63 | In the | 0·97
Domingo | bean | 1·66 | shells | 0·56
Bahia | | 1·64 | | 0·71
Puerto Cabello (fine kind) | | 1·46 | | 0·81
Tabasco | | 1·34 | | 0·42
|————————+————————-+————————————-+———————
|Average | = 1·56% | | =0·76%
Excluding the theobromine in the shells which are not used in the
preparation of cacao, it will be seen from the above table that the
Caracas bean, which is the finest and dearest, has an amount of
theobromine which is only equal to, or even a little less, than that in
the inferior beans from Guayaquil and Domingo.
5. ~Albumin.~
On the presence of albuminous bodies in the cacao bean, varying between
14-15 percent, depends to a great extent its nutritive value. The
albumin in plants, unfortunately, is not to hand in a form suitable
for direct absorption and assimilation in the animal organism, in
fact, only a fraction of it is so available. Before considering the
nutritive value of the albumin of the cacao bean it will be well to
give attention to the general chemical and physical properties of
albumin so far as a knowledge of them will assist in the elucidation of
the subsequent matter.
Albuminous bodies or proteins occur either dissolved in the sap of
plants or in a solid in the protoplasm of plant cells; also in the
form of granular deposits (Aleuron granules[68]). In cacao they are
apparently present in the three different conditions.
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