Transcriber’s Notes: Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Old or antiquated spellings have been preserved. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected. THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL AND LAKE PIGMENTS THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL AND LAKE PIGMENTS CONTAINING DIRECTIONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL ARTIFICIAL ARTISTS’ AND PAINTERS’ COLOURS, ENAMEL COLOURS, SOOT AND METALLIC PIGMENTS A Text-Book For Manufacturers, Merchants, Artists and Painters BY DR. JOSEF BERSCH TRANSLATED FROM THE SECOND, REVISED EDITION BY ARTHUR C. WRIGHT, M.A. (OXON.), B. SC. (LOND.) FORMERLY ASSISTANT LECTURER AND DEMONSTRATOR IN CHEMISTRY AT THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS _WITH FORTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT_ LONDON SCOTT, GREENWOOD & CO. Publishers of the “Oil and Colourman’s Journal” 19 LUDGATE HILL, E.C. 1901 [_The sole right of publishing this work in English rests with the above firm._] PREFACE. We know hardly another branch of chemical technology which has made such remarkable advances of late as the manufacture of colours; a large number of pigments have been recently discovered, distinguished by beauty of shade and permanence. Chemists are continually endeavouring to replace handsome and poisonous colours by others equally handsome but non-poisonous. In writing this work I have endeavoured to give it such a character that it may be a text-book for the practical man, only those methods have been given which certainly lead to a good result; in the case of new pigments I have only described methods of preparation which I have myself found to give good results. Since it cannot be imagined that any one quite ignorant of chemistry could successfully manufacture colours (colours being always made by chemical processes which occasionally are rather complicated), I have, therefore, presupposed a knowledge of the principles of chemistry. In the short sketch of the chemical properties of the raw materials used in making ordinary pigments, the principal properties of the materials used by the colour maker are given. In order to make this treatise useful to dealers in and consumers of colours, the chapters dealing with the examination of pigments have been so arranged that the nature or adulteration of a pigment can be determined quickly and with certainty by any one.