Kepler's Pecuniary Embarrassments--His Inquiries respecting the Law of Refraction--His Supplement to Vitellio--His Researches on Vision--His Treatise on Dioptrics--His Commentaries on Mars--He discovers that the orbit of Mars is an Ellipse, with the Sun in one focus--And extends this discovery to all the other Planets--He establishes the two first laws of Physical Astronomy--His Family Distresses--Death of his Wife--He is appointed Professor of Mathematics at Linz--His Method of Choosing a Second Wife--Her Character, as given by Himself--Origin of his Treatise on Gauging--He goes to Ratisbon to give his Opinion to the Diet on the change of Style--He refuses the Mathematical Chair at Bologna, CHAPTER III. 237 Kepler's continued Embarrassments--Death of Mathias--Liberality of Ferdinand--Kepler's "Harmonies of the World"--The Epitome of the Copernican Astronomy--It is prohibited by the Inquisition--Sir Henry Wotton, the British Ambassador, invites Kepler to England--He declines the Invitation--Neglect of Genius by the English Government--Trial of Kepler's Mother--Her final Acquittal--And Death at the age of Seventy-five--The States of Styria burn publicly Kepler's Calendar--He receives his Arrears of Salary from Ferdinand--The Rudolphine Tables published in 1628--He receives a Gold Chain from the Grand Duke of Tuscany--He is Patronised by the Duke of Friedland--He removes to Sagan, in Silesia--Is appointed Professor of Mathematics at Rostoch--Goes to Ratisbon to receive his Arrears--His Death, Funeral, and Epitaph--Monument Erected to his Memory in 1803--His Family--His Posthumous Volume, entitled "The Dream, or Lunar Astronomy," CHAPTER IV. 252 Number of Kepler's published Works--His numerous Manuscripts in 22 folio volumes--Purchased by Hevelius, and afterwards by Hansch--Who publishes Kepler's Life and Correspondence at the expense of Charles VI.--The History of the rest of his Manuscripts, which are deposited in the Library of the Academy of Sciences at St Petersburg--General Character of Kepler--His Candour in acknowledging his Errors--His Moral and Religious Character--His Astrological Writings and Opinions considered--His Character as an Astronomer and a Philosopher--The Splendour of his Discoveries--Account of his Method of Investigating Truth, LIFE OF GALILEO. CHAPTER I.