Mr. Harry L. Neall, of Harry L. Neall & Son, Mining Engineers of Eureka, Cal., a student of the history of the lumber industry, has written that beneath the phrase "invented lumbering" used in connection with Paul Bunyan, there exists a basis of fact. Tracing the beginnings of the industry from the cutting of "The King's Spars" in what is now the State of Maine, before the Mayflower came to Plymouth Rock, Mr. Neall states that "modern lumbering, as a separate industry was really invented in New York in 1790 and that most of the oldtime lumbermen trace their ancestry to forefathers who were a part of this beginning of lumbering." The Red River people were interested to learn from Mr. Neall that a Walker built a mill in Maine in 1680; another Walker sold a two-thirds interest in this mill in 1716 and three Walkers were saw mill owners in New Hampshire in 1785. Following the Pine Cutters across New York and Pennsylvania, Mr. Neall found that the land records enable one to pick them out by their names "as distinguished from the Palatinate settlers who came solely for the farm lands upon which the hardwoods grew." That the Paul Bunyan stories go back to the beginnings of the industry is the belief of Mr. Neall who heard them in his grandfather's logging camps in Pennsylvania and quotes this ancestor as connecting Paul with the early traditions. DeWitt L. Hardy, "column conductor" on the Portland _Oregonian_, ran a Paul Bunyan series for several months and received many more contributions than it was possible to print, though they were featured almost daily, writes Mr. Hardy: "Paul Bunyan is, as your folklore sharks doubtless will inform you, about the only true fable of this character we have in this country. I do not attempt to dip into any of the real sub-surface studies of its development, my experience with Paul having been severely practical. I first heard of him in a soddy in North Dakota, where I was told of his great logging operations when he stripped that country and removed the stumps. In the mass of correspondence I received while handling the Paul Bunyan yarns here, answers came from all corners of the globe and from all classes of people." Ida V. Turney, Department of Rhetoric, University of Oregon, and President of the Oregon Council of English, has written a chapbook of Paul Bunyan stories,--"gang-lore" Miss Turney classifies them, citing technical reasons why they cannot be called "myth" "legend" or "folk-lore." "It is distinctly American" she writes, "No other country could possibly produce a literary type just like it; for it is, at least so I think, a symbolic expression of the forces of physical labor at work in the development of a great country. The symbolism is, of course, unconscious, but none the less accurate."