It remains to decide what form of polygon will serve as the base of
these prisms. First of all, it is evident that this polygon will be
regular, because the capacity of the cells has to be constant. Once the
condition obtains that the grouping must be effected without gaps,
figures that were not regular would be subject to variation and would
give different capacities in one cell and another. Now of the
indefinite number of regular polygons only three can be constructed
continuously, without leaving unoccupied spaces. These three are the
equilateral triangle, the square, and the hexagon. Which are we to
choose?
The one that will approximate most closely to the circumference of a
circle and hence be best adapted to the cylindrical form of the larva;
the one that, with a containing wall of the same extent, will yield the
greatest capacity, a condition essential to the free growth of the
grubs. Of the three regular figures that can be assembled without
vacant intervals, our geometry suggests the hexagon; and it is the
hexagon and none other that is chosen by the geometry of the Wasps. The
cells are hexagonal prisms.
Every high and harmonious achievement finds supersubtle minds that
strive to degrade it. What has not been said on the subject of
hexagonal cells, above all on the subject of the Bee’s, which are
arranged in a double layer and united at the base? Reasons of economy
of both wax and space demand that this base shall be a pyramid formed
of three rhombs with angles of fixed value. Scientific calculations
tell us the value of these angles in degrees, minutes and seconds. The
goniometer subjects the work of the Bee to examination and finds that
the value is precisely calculated to degrees, minutes and seconds. The
insect’s work is in perfect agreement with the nicest speculations of
our own geometry.
There is no room for the glorious problem of the Bee-hive in these
elementary essays. Let us confine ourselves to the Wasps. It has been
said:
“Fill a bottle with dried peas and add a little water. The peas, in
swelling, will become polyhedrons by mutual pressure. Even so with the
Wasps’ cells. The builders work in a crowd. Each builds at her own
will, placing her work in juxtaposition to her neighbours’; and the
reciprocal thrusts produce the hexagon.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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